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Hcation No. 9 



THE GREEK WHITE BOOK 



SUPPLEMENTARY 

DIPLOMATIC DOCUMENTS 

1913-1917 

ISSUED BY 

THE MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS 
OF THE GREEK GOVERNMENT 



DEALING WITH THE GRECO-SEIIBIAN TREATY AND 
THE GERMANO-BULGARIAN INVASION OF MACEDO- 
NIA, AND CONTAINING TELEGRAMS EXCHANGED 
BY THE ROYAL COURTS OF ATHENS AND BERLIN 



Translated from the Frencti Ennrov ^w 
THEODORE F. ION, D.C.L. 

AND 

CARROLE N. BROWN, Ph.D. 



The expense ot this piiblicut.' . i .. .. , , ..,,,. >i part by 
Messrs. George D. Nicboias •nd V. Theophilupulus of New York 



PUBLISHED FOR THE 
AMERICAN HELLENIC SOCIETY 

Cm.uMKiA INrvRHxiTV, Nmv Yn«K 



HY 



OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS AMERICAN BRANCH 

86 WEST 42MD STABBt. NSW YOAJC 

1919 






u:BJEei'S Ql*^ THE SOCIETY 

i'r-:' ,/^ raerican-Hellenic Society is organized for the 
] ; tending and encouraging among 

iL:. ns of the United States of America an inter- 

est m the cultural and political relations between the 
United States and Greece; and in particular to promote 
educational relationships, including the establishment of 
exchange professorships in the Universities of the 
United States and Greece, as a means to diffuse knowl 
tlie literature and political institutions of the 
d States throughout Greece, and to encourage in 
.rtjjitr;tea the studj^ of tlie ancient and modern Hellenic 
language and literature; and further to defend the just 
cLiiiKis of Greece in particular and of Hellenism in. 



THE GREEK WHITE BOOK 



SUPPLEMENTARY 

DIPLOMATIC DOCUMENTS 

1913-1917 

ISSUED BY 

THE MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS 
OF THE GREEK GOVERNMENT 



DEALING WITH THE GRECO-SERBIAN TREATY AND 
THE GERMANO-BULGARIAN INVASION OF MACEDO- 
NIA, AND CONTAINING TELEGRAMS EXCHANGED 
BY THE ROYAL COURTS OF ATHENS AND BERLIN 



Translated from the French Edition by 
THEODORE P. ION, D.C.L. 

AND 

CARROLL N. BROWN, Ph.D. 



The expense of this publication has been borne in part by 
Messrs. George D. Nicholas and P. Theophiiopulos of New York 



PUBLISHED FOR THE 

AMERICAN HELLENIC SOCIETY 

Coi.L'MBi* Univfrsity, Nbw York 
BY 

OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS AMERICAN BRANCH 

85 WEST 92nd street. NEW YORK 

1919 



jWonograpi*. 



Gift 
Society 

OCT 25 ISjg 







SUPPLEMENTARY DIPLOIVIATIO DOCUMENTS, 1913-1917, ISSUED BY THE 
GREEK GOVERNMENT DEALING WITH THE GRECO-SERBIAN 
TREATY AND THE GERMANO-BULGARIAN INVASION OF MACE- 
DONIA, AND CONTAINING TELEGRAMS EXCHANGED BY THE 
COURTS OF ATHENS AND BERLIN. 

PART FIRST. 



Name of signatory 



Mr. Streit 



Mr. Gennadius 



Mr. Alexandropoulos 



Mr. Panas 



Mr. Streit 



Place and date of 
transmission 



Summary 



1914 
Athens, 3Iay 30/ 

June 12 



London, June 2/15 



Belgrade, June 3/16 



Constantinople, 

June 4/17 



Athens, June 9/22 



The Greek Government, 
confronted by the 
anti-Hellenic perse- 
cutions in Turkey, 
addresses Itself to 
the Serbian Govern- 
ment to demand its 
aid as ally. 

Steps by the Minister 
of Serbia with the 
British Government 
to bring about an in- 
tervention of the 
Powers at Constan- 
tinople. 

Reply of the Serbian 
Governmi'nt to the 
steps taken by the 
Greek Government in 
order to demand its 
aid as an ally. 

Energetic steps by the 
Charg6 d'Affaires of 
Serbia with the Ot- 
toman Government 
with a view to put- 
ting a stop to the 
anti-Hellenic perse- 
cutions. 

The Greek Government 
thanks the Serbian 
Government for the 
steps taken at Con- 
stantinople. 



Page 



CONTENTS 



No. 



Name of signatory 



Place and date of 
transmission 



Summary 



Mr. Venizelos 



1914 

Athens, Aug. 25/ 

Sept. 7 



10 



Mr. Streit 



Mr. Romanes 



Mr. Skouloudis 



Mr. Skouloudis 



1915 

Athens, Mar. 13/26 



Paris, Feb. 26/ 

Mar. 11 



Athens, Nov. 4/17 



Athens, Nov. 13/26 



Letter of Mr. Venizelos 
to King Constantine. 
The President of the 
Ministerial Council 
tenders his resigna- 
tion in consequence 
of a telegram pre- 
pared by Admiral 
Kerr after an audi- 
ence with the King, 
and in reply to a step 
taken by the British 
Admiralty, contain 
ing the declaration 
that Greece, in no 
case, would enter 
upon war against 
Turkey unless previ 
ously attacked by 
her. 
Memorandxun by Mr. 
Streit on the proba- 
ble results of the 
war and on the pol- 
icy to be followed by 
Greece. 
Report of an interview 
with Mr. Delcasse on 
the impression made 
by the dismissal of 
Mr. Venizelos. 
Mr. Skouloudis at- 
tempts to justify the 
attitude of his Gov- 
ernment toward the 
Entente. 
Transmission by the 
Ministers of the En- 
tente of a memoran- 
dum with regard to 
the evacuation of 
Salonika by the 
Greek troops and 
with regard to cer- 
tain other measures. 
Instructions given to 
the Minister of 
Greece at Paris to 



11 



16 



17 



18 



CONTENTS 



No. Name of signatory 



11 
12 



13 



14 



15 



16 



Mr. Romanos 
Mr. Skouloudis 



General Yannakitsas 



General Yannakitsas 



General Yannakitsas 



General Yannakitsas 



Place and date of 
transmission 



1915 



Paris, Nov. 14/27 
Athens, Nov. 27/ 

Dec. 10 



1916 
Athens, Jan. 26/ 

Feb. 8 



Athens, Mar. 9/22 



Athens, Mar. 20/ 

Apr. 2 



Athens, Apr. 27/ 

May 10 



Summary 



inquire into the ob- 
ject of these meas- 
ures. 

Reply of Mr. Briand. 

Drawing up of an 
agreement with the 
Ministers of the En- 
tente as to the con- 
ditions of the stay 
of the Allies at Sa^ 
lonika. 

Circular of the Minis 
ter of War (General 
Staff of the Army 
ordering the Greek 
troops of Macedonia 
to withdraw from the 
frontier In case of 
the appearance of 
German or Bulgarian 
troops. 

Circular of the Minis- 
ter of War supple- 
menting the preced- 
ing. 

Circular of the Minis- 
ter of War with re- 
gard to the forma- 
tion, by the mutual 
withdrawal of Greek 
troops and Germano- 
Bulgarian troops, of 
a neutral zone on the 
frontier in order to 
avoid disagreeable in- 
cidents. Energetic 
steps by the Greek 
Government to put 
an end to certain Bul- 
garian excesses which 
had taken place on 
the frontier. 

Circular of the Minis- 
ter of War explain- 
ing the preceding and 
ordering the Greek 
troops to repulse by 
force every advance 



Page 



20 
21 



22 



23 



26 



28 



CONTENTS 



No. 



17 



18 



19 



20 



21 



22 



Name of signatory 



General Yannakitsas 



Commander Mavroudis 



General Gennadis 



General Gennadis 



Colonel Messalas 



General Yannakitsas 



Place and date of 
transmission 



1916 



Athens, May 4/17 



Roupel, May 13/26 



Cavalla, May 13/26 



Cavalla, May 13/26 



Salonika, May 13/26 



Athens, May 13/26 



Summary 



by the Germano- 
Bulgarians of more 
than 500 metres this 
side of the frontier 
line. 

Order of the Minister 
of War to General 
Gennadis, Command- 
er of the 4th Army 
Corps at Cavalla, not 
to have recourse to 
force on his own ini- 
tiative in case of an 
advance of the Ger- 
mano-Bulgarians of 
less than 500 metres. 

Commander Mavroudis, 
in charge of Fort 
Roupel, announces 
the appearance of a 
hostile column. 

The 6th Division at 
Serres has ordered 
Fort Roupel to oppose 
by force any Ger- 
mano-Bulgarian ad- 
vance of more than 
500 metres from the 
frontier in accord- 
ance with the last 
orders of the Minis- 
try. 

Tlie 6th Division an- 
nounces that two 
Bulgarian or Ger- 
man regiments have 
taken up their posi- 
tions in battle order 
before Hodjovo. 

The Commander of 
Roupel telegraphs 
that the Germano- 
Bulgarians have de- 
clared that they were 
going to occupy the 
fort. 

Circular of the Minis- 
ter of War again 



CONTENTS 



No. Name of signatory 



23 



24 



25 



26 



27 



General Gennadds 



General Bairas 



Commander Mavroudis 
Captain Thiel 



General Yannakitsas 



Mr. Skouloudis 



Place and date of 
transmission 



1916 



Cavalla, May 13/26 



Serres, May 14/27 



Roupel, May 14/27 



Athens, May 15/28 



Athens, May 21/ 

June 3 



Summary 



putting in force the 
circular of Mar. 9/22 
which ordered the 
Greek troops to fall 
back before the Ger- 
mano-BuIgarians. 

Fort Roupel fired upon 
the Germano-Bulga- 
rians who beat a 
precipitate retreat. 
In consequence of this 
fact and in accord 
with the preceding 
ministerial circular 
the Commander of 
the 4th Army Corps 
gave orders to cease 
all resistance. 

The Commander of 
Roupel reports that 
a Bulgarian officer 
presented to him an 
order demanding the 
evacuation of the fort 
and the surrender of 
the war material. 

Protocol of the sur- 
render of Fort Rou- 
pel and of the deliv 
ery of its war ma 
tcrial. 

Order of the Minister 
of War to the Com- 
mand'er of the 6th 
Division to inform 
the Bulgarians that 
the occupation of the 
railroad station of 
Demir-Hissar would 
have to form the ob- 
ject of a new agree- 
ment. 

Mr. Skouloudis, contra- 
dicting the state- 
ment that Fort Rou- 
pel had been occu- 
pied in consequence 
of a previous ar- 



33 



33 



34 



35 



35 



CONTENTS 



No. 



28 



Name of signatory 



Place and date of 
transmission 



Commander Mavroudis 



29 



1916 



Demir-Hissar, 

May 29/ June 11 



Colonel Hadjopouloa 



Cavalla, Aug. 7/20 



Summary 



rangement, finds the 
reproaches of the 
French Government 
unjustifiable. Expo- 
sition of the pol- 
icy followed by his 
Government. Protest 
against the procla- 
mation by General 
Sarrail of martial 
law at Salonika, in 
consequence of which 
the celebration of the 
King's fete was pre- 
vented. 

Commander Mavroudis 
sends to the Fortress 
of Salonika the de- 
mand for the sur- 
render of Fort Rou- 
pel which had* been 
addressed to him by 
Captain Thiel and 
three letters of this 
officer relative to the 
restoration of the 
cannon of the fort 
and their ammuni- 
tion. 

Colonel Hadjopoulos, 
temporary Command 
er of the 4th Army 
Corps at Cavalla, re- 
ports that the con 
duct of the Bulga- 
rians is completely 
hostile. Greek com 
panics have been de 
stroyed or detained 
by the Bulgarians ; 
the regiment at De- 
mir-Hissar has been 
taken prisoner. Be- 
havior of the comi 
tad j is. Panic among 
the inhabitants. The 
Bulgarians intend to 
occupy Cavalla. He 



CONTENTS 



No. 



30 



31 



32 



33 



34 



Name of signatory 



Place and date of 
transmission 



Colonel Hadjopoulos 



Colonel Hadjopoulos 



General Callaris 



General Dousmanis 



General Callaris 



1916 



Cavalla, Aug. 7/20 



Cavalla, Aug. 7/20 



Athens, Aug. 8/21 



Athens, Aug. 8/21 



Athena, Aug. 17/30 



Summary 



demands instructions 
from his Govern- 
ment. 

The two Greek divi- 
sions will be cut off 
from each other. 
The Fort of Idjes is 
in flames. Murder 
and pillaging. Colo- 
nel Hadjopoulos de- 
mands authority to 
recall to the colors 
the reservists who 
are on leave, in or- 
der to defend Cavalla 

He renews his demand 
concerning the recall 
to the colors of the 
reservists on leave. 
He demands also the 
dispatch of the fleet 
to Cavalla. 

The Greek Government 
refuses the demand 
to recall to the colors 
the reservists and to 
dispatch the fli'ot. 

General Dousmanis 

transmits to Colonel 
Hadjopoulos for com- 
munication to the 
troops and to the in- 
habitants, the assur- 
ances given by the 
Ministers of Ger- 
many and Bulgaria 
at Athens upon the 
occasion of the occu- 
pation of the Greek 
territories. 

The Minister of War 
asks the Commander 
of the 4th Army 
Corps whether he has 
entered into negotia- 
tions with the Ger- 
mano-Bulgarians for 
the return of the 



42 



44 



44 



45 



CONTENTS 



No. 


Name of signatory 


Place and date of 
transmission 


Summary 


Page 






1917 


armament of the for- 
tress of Cavalla. 




35 




Athens, Oct. 10/23 


Note as to the anti- 
Hellenic persecutions 
in Bulgaria and in 
the countries pro- 
visionally occupied by 
the Bulgarians, with 
a table of statistics 
relative thereto. 


45 



PART SECOND 



36 



37 



38 



39 



Mr. Politis 



Athens, Oct. 16/29 



Mr. N. Theotoky 



Mr. N. Theotoky 



Mr. N. Theotoky 



Mr. N. Theotoky 



1915 
Berlin, Dec. 1/14 



Berlin, Dec. 2/15 



Berlin, Dec. 8/21 



Berlin, Dec. 16/29 



Mr. Politis transmits 
to the President of 
the Chamber of Dep- 
uties the transla- 
tions of a certain 
number of dispatches 
in cipher, exchanged 
between the ex-Sov- 
ereigns and Berlin. 
Indications as to the 
manner of transmis- 
sion of this secret 
correspondence. 
Supplementary notice 
as to the palace code 
Steps with regard to a 
loan of forty million 
francs in consequence 
of a telegram of 
King Constantine. 
The German Govern- 
ment is ready, in 
principle, to make 
this loan. 
The opening of a credit 
with Swiss banks is 
technically impossi- 
ble. 
The credit will be 
opened with the S. 
Bleichroeder Bank of 
Berlin. 



56 



56 



57 



57 



CONTENTS 



No. 



40 



41 



42 



43 



44 



45 



Name of signatory 



Mr. N. Theotoky 



Mr. N. Theotoky 



Mr. N. Theotoky 
Mr. Bleichroeder 



ilr. N. Theotoky 

Mr. N. Theotoky 
Mr. N. Theotoky 



Place and date of 
transmission 



1915 

Berlin, Dec. 16/29 



1916 

Berlin, Dec. 19, 1915/ 

Jan. 1, 1916 

Berlin, Dec. 23, 1915/ 

Jan. 5, 1916 



Berlin, Dec. 30, 1915/ 
Jan. 12, 1916 



Berlin, Jan. 8/21 
Berlin, Jan. 8/21 



Summary 



Communication to the 
German Government 
of certain declara- 
tions and demands 
of King Constantine. 
Mr. N. Theotoky 
communicates his im- 
pressions of his in- 
terviews with Mr. 
von Jagow. The at- 
tack against the 
troops of the En- 
tente at Salonika has 
not yet been defi- 
nitely decided upon 

The loan of forty mil- 
lions will be made in 
marks. 

Mr. N. Theotoky com 
municates the text of 
a letter of the S 
Bleichra?der Bank ad- 
dressed to the Na- 
tional Bank of Greece 
and confirming the 
opening of the credit 
of forty millions; he 
requests the confir- 
mation of the Nation- 
al Bank of Greece. 

On the request of Mr. 
von Jagow Mr. N. 
Theotoky begs King 
Constantino to reply 
to one of his tele- 
grams. 

Receipt of a new letter 
of the S. Bleichroeder 
Bank. 

General Falkenhayn 
communicates the 
conditions under 

which the action 
against the troops of 
the Entente at Sa- 
lonika may take 
place. 



58 



60 



61 



62 



62 



62 



CONTENTS 



No. 



46 



47 



48 



Name of signatory 



Mr. N. Theotoky 



King Constantine 



Place and date of 
transmission 



1916 
Berlin, Jan. 17/30 



Athens, Mar. 10/23 



49 



50 



51 



Mr. N. Theotoky 



Mr. N. Theotoky 



Mr. Skouloudis 
Mr. J. Theotoky 
King Constantine 



Queen Sophie 



Berlin, Mar. 12/25 



Berlin, May 5/18 



Athens, May 13/26 



Athens, June 12/25 



Summary 



Mr. N. Theotoky has 
communicated to the 
S. Bleichroeder Bank 
the confirmation of 
the National Bank of 
Greece. 

General Falkenhayn in- 
forms King Constan- 
tine of the intention 
of the allied troops 
to occupy the De- 
mir-Hissar pass. Ee- 
ply of the King. 

Telegram for Mr. Skou- 
loudis dealing with 
a demand of the 
Greek Chief-of-Staflf. 
— Postscript for Mr. 
J. Theotoky. 

Mr. N. Theotoky in- 
forms Mr. Skouloudis 
that the Chief -of-Staff 
has telegraphed to 
Field-Marshal Mack 
ensen to examine 
once more the mili 
tary situation in 
Macedonia before pro 
ceeding to occupy 
the Demir-Hissar pass 

Telegram of Mr. Skou- 
loudis to Mr. N. Theo- 
toky relative to the 
assurances given by 
the Ministers of 
Germany and Bul- 
garia at Athens as 
to the occupation of 
Greek territories. — 
Postscript of Mr. J. 
Theotoky. 
Telegrams addressed by 
Queen Sophie to Em- 
peror William and 
Princess M ( ?) in 
consequence of the 
note of the Entente 
dated June 8/21. ' 



CONTENTS 



No. 



52 



Mr. N Theotoky 



53 



54 



Name of signatory 



Place and date of 
transmission 



1916 

Berlin, June 13/26 



Mr. Th. Ypsilanti 



Mr. N. Theotoky 



55 King Constantine 
Mr. J. Theotoky 



56 



57 



Mr. N. Theotoky 



Mr. N. Theotoky 



Athens, June 16/29 



Berlin, July 6/19 



Athens, Aug. 2/15 



Berlin, Aug. 3/16 



Berlin, Aug. 5/18 



Summary 



Impression produced at 
Berlin by the ac- 
ceptance of the note 
of June 8/21. Peo- 
ple fear that Mr. 
Venizelos will come 
out victorious in the 
parliamentary elec- 
tions. They regret 
the dismissal of Mr. 
Skouloudis. — Post- 
script for Mr. J. 
Theotoky with regard 
to the elections at 
Corfu. Mr. N. Theo- 
toky expresses fears 
for the King and the 
dynasty. 

It is necessary that 
Emmanuel Ypsilanti 
be a candidate at 
Jannina. 

Report of an interview 
with the Chancellor 
of the Empire as 
to the mission of 
Princes Nicholas and 
Andrew at Potrograd 
and at London. 

King Constantine re 
ijuests to know the 
reason for the con 
centration on the 
Rumanian frontier of 
two armies under the 
command of Macken 
sen. 

The Allies have no in 
tention of taking the 
initiative in an at 
tack on Rumania. 
The army of Mack- 
ensen will proceed to 
an offensive against 
the army of the En- 
tente in Macedonia. 

Mr. von Jagow has 
communicated' to Mr. 
N. Theotoky that 



Page 



66 



69 



69 



71 



71 



72 



CONTENTS 



No. 


Name of signatory 


Place and date of 
transmission 


Summary 


Page 






1916 


the concentration of 
troops against Ru- 
mania is to intimi- 
date her. 




58 


Mr. J. Theotoky 


Athens, Aug. 9/22 


Telegram of Mr. J, 
Theotoky with re- 
gard to the elections 
in Corfu. Indications 
as to the change of 
address of telegrams 


72 


59 


Mr. Zalocostas 
Mr, Zographos 
Mr. J. Theotoky 


Athens, Nov. 1/14 


Transmission of a tele- 
gram of the National 
Bank of Greece to 
the S. Bleichroeder 
Bank. — Postscript of 
Mr. J. Theotoky. 


73 


60 


Mr. J. Theotoky 


Athens, Nov. 21/ 

Dec. 4 


New change of address 
of telegrams. 


74 


61 


Mr. N. Theotoky 


Berlin, Nov. 22/ 

Dec. 5 


Telegram for Queen 
Sophie on the organ- 
ization of the bands 
in Macedonia. — Tele- 
gram for Mr. S. P. 
Lambros announcing 
the transmission of 
a telegram to Vien- 
na, Constantinople 
and Sophie. — Post- 
script of Mr. J. 
Theotoky. 


74 


62 


Queen Sophie 


Athens, Nov. 23/ 


Transmission of a tele- 


75 




Mr. J. Theotoky 


Dec. 6 


gram of Queen Sophie 
to Emperor William 
on the events of Nov. 
18-19/Dec. 1-2. 




63 


Mr. N. Theotoky 


Berlin, Nov. 24/ 

Dec. 7 


Information from Field- 
Marshal von Hinden- 
burg as to the inten- 
tion of the Entente 
concerning Itea. 


76 


64 


Mr. Zalocostas 


Athens, Nov. 30/ 


Transmission of a dis- 


77 




King Constantine 


Dec. 13 


patch of King Con- 






Mr. J. Theotoky 




stantine to Mr. N. 
Theotoky announcing 
the threatened deliv- 
ery of an ultimatum 
by the Entente. — 
Postscript of Mr. J. 
Theotoky. 





CONTENTS 



No. 



65 



66 



67 



68 



69 



Name of signatory 



70 



71 



Mr. Zalocostas 



Emperor William 
Mr. N. Theotoky 



Mr. Zalocostas 
Mr. J. Theotoky 



Mr. Zalocostas 
Mr. J. Theotoky 



Mr. N. Theotoky 



Mr. Zalocostas 
Mr. J. Theotoky 



Mr. Zalocostas 
Queen Sophie 
Mr. J. Theotoky 



Place and date of 
transmission 



1916 

Athens, Dec. 2/15 



Berlin, Dec. 3/16 



Athens, Dec. 4/17 



Athens, Dec. 7/20 



Berlin, Dec. 10/23 



Athens, Dec. 10/23 



Athens, Dec. 13/26 



Summary 



Transmission of a dis- 
patch to Mr. N. 
Theotoky begging him 
to repeat by wireless 
an undecipherable 
dispatch addressed to 
Queen Sophie. 

Reply of Emperor Wil- 
liam to the dispatch 
of Queen Sophie. — 
Postscript of Mr. N. 
Theotoky. 

Transmission of a tele 
gram of Mr. N 
Theotoky to Mr. N. 
Theotoky as to the 
organization of the 
bands in Macedonia. 

Transmission of a dis- 
patch of Mr. J. 
Theotoky to Mr. N, 
Theotoky on the cor- 
respondence by wire- 
less. 

Repetition of a dis 
patch addressed to 
Queen Sophie dealing 
with the organization 
of the bands in Mace- 
donia. — Postscript of 
Mr. N. Tlieotoky for 
the National Bank of 
Greece. 

Transmission of a dis 
patch of Mr. J 
Theotoky confirming 
the receipt and the 
forwarding of cer- 
tain dispatches. He 
requests of Mr. N. 
Theotoky a reply 
dealing with the dec- 
larations of Mr. von 
Bethmann-Hollweg as 
to Greece. 

Transmission of a dis- 
patch of Mr. J. 
Tlieotoky repeating a 
telegram of Queen 



77 



78 



79 



79 



80 



81 



82 



CONTENTS 



No. 



Name of signatory 



72 



73 



74 



75 



Mr. N. Theotoky 



Mr. Zalocostas 
Mr. J. Theotoky 



Place and date of 
transmission 



1916 



Mr. Zalocostas 
King Constantine 
Queen Sophie 



Mr. Zalocostas 
Queen Sophie 



Berlin, Dec. 13/26 



Athens, Dec. 18/31 



Summary 



1917 

Athens, Dec. 19, 1916/ 
Jan. 1, 1917 



Athens, Dec. 20, 1916/ 
Jan 2, 1917 



Sophie to Emperor 
William as to the 
situation in Greece. 
The insurgents are 
taking possession of 
parts of the King- 
dom which cannot be 
defended. The En 
tente is exercising a 
very strict blockade. 
Only a decisive and 
prompt attack on the 
part of Germany 
v?ould render possible 
the intervention of 
Greece. — Postscript 
of Mr. Theotoky. 

Transmission of a dis- 
patch of General Lu- 
dendorff relative to 
the war against Ru- 
mania. 

Transmission of a tele- 
gram of Mr. J. 
Theotoky dealing 

with the note deliv 
ered by the Entente 
He demands infor 
mation as to the Ger- 
man offensive. 

Transmission of a tele 
gram of congratula 
tions addressed by 
King Constantine 
and Queen Sophie to 
Emperor William. 
Considerations as to 
the gravity of the 
situation and the note 
of the Entente. — 
Postscript for Mr. N. 
Theotoky. 

Transmission of a tele- 
gram of Queen Sophie 
for Falkenhausen on 
the situation in 
Greece. In conse 
quence of the insuf 
ficiency of food sup- 



Page 



CONTENTS 



No. 



76 



Name of signatory 



Mr. Zalocostas 
King Constantine 
Mr. J. Theotoky 



77 



78 



79 



Mr. Zalocostas 
Queen Sophie 
Mr. J. Theotoky 



Mr. N. Theotoky 



Place and date of 
transmission 



1917 



Athens, Dec. 24, 1916/ 
Jan. 6, 1917 



Athens, Dec. 27, 1916/ 
Jan. 9, 1917 



Summary 



Bedlin, Dec. 27, 1916/ 
Jan. 9, 1917 



Mr. Zalocostas 
Queen Sophie 
Mr. J. Theotoky 



Athens, Dec. 28, 1916/ 
Jan. 10, 1917 



plies, war against the 
Entente is out of the 
question unless the 
German attack takes 
place immediately. 

Transmission of a dis- 
patch of King Con- 
stantine on the mili- 
tary weakening of 
Greece. He desires 
to know whether a 
German attack on 
the Macedonian front 
is to be expected. 

Transmission of a tele- 
gram of Queen Sophie 
to Emperor William. 
The lack of food 
makes the Greek of- 
fensive impossible. — 
Postscript of Mr. J. 
Theotoky dealing 

with the ultimatiun 
delivered by the En 
tente. 

A wireless station at 
Prilep will be at the 
disposal of the sta- 
tion set up at Kala 
baka. Indications as 
to the change of 
the designations by 
which the stations of 
Athens and Sofia are 
called. 

Transmission of a dis- 
patch of Mr. J. 
Theotoky communi- 
cating a telegram of 
Queen Sophie to Em- 
peror William. Ac- 
ceptance of the ulti- 
matum of the En- 
tente. Greece may 
become a precious 
aid for Germany. — 
Instructions given in 
postscript to Mr. N. 



86 



88 



89 



90 



CONTENTS 



No. 



Name of signatory 



Place and date of 
transmission 



Summary 



1917 



80 



Mr. N. Theotoky 



Berlin, Dec. 30, 1916/ 
Jan. 12, 1917 



81 



82 



83 



Mr. N. Theotoky 



Mr. Zalocostas 
Mr. J. Theotoky 
Queen Sophie 



Berlin, Dec. 30, 1916/ 
Jan. 12, 1917 



Athens, Dec. 31, 1916/ 
Jan. 13, 1917 



Mr. Zalocostas 
S (?) 



Athens, Jan. 1/14 



Theotoky to work to 
strengthen the Greco- 
German relations dur- 
ing and after the 
war. — Postscript of 
Mr. J. Theotoky con- 
firming the receipt of 
certain dispatches. 
The attack on the 
Macedonian front de- 
pends on Field-Mar- 
shal von Hindenburg. 
Mr. N. Theotoky con- 
siders that Greece has 
made sufficient sacri- 
fices and advises the 
Government to act 
solely in the interest 
of the coimtry. 
The Minister of For- 
eign Afi"airs was dis 
appointed on learn- 
ing of the acceptance 
of the ultimatum of 
the Entente. 
Transmission of a dis- 
patch of Mr. J. Theo- 
toky with regard to 
two radio-telegrams 
sent to the address 
of Falkenhausen. — 
Dispatch of Queen 
Sophie for Falken- 
hausen as to the rea- 
sons which dictated 
the acceptance of the 
ultimatum of the En- 
tente. — Postscript of 
Mr. J. Theotoky. 
Transmission of a dis- 
patch of S ( ?) deal- 
ing with the organ- 
ization of the bands 
in the future. Com- 
munication of cer- 
tain information com- 
ing from the Naval 
Attache in London. 



CONTENTS 



No. 
84 



85 



86 



Name of signatory 



Mr. N. Theotoky 



Mr. Zalocostas 
Mr. J. Theotoky 
S (?) 



Place and date of 
transmission 



1917 
Berlin, Jan. 5/18 



Mr. Zalocostas 
Mr. J. Theotoky 



Athens, Jan. 6/19 



Athens, Jan. 7/20 



Summary 



Von Hindenburg pro- 
poses to King Con- 
stantine to destroy 
the Greek artillery 
and war material in 
order that they may 
not fall into the 
hands of the Entente. 
— Postscript of Mr. 
N. Theotoky for 
S(?) and Mr. J. 
Theotoky. He passed 
New Year's Day 
among the soldiers 
of the 4th Army 
Corps interned in 
Germany. Requests 
that King Constan 
tine reply to a con- 
gratulatory dispatch 
of the latter. 

Transmission of a dis 
patch of Mr. J. Theo 
toky. The wireless 
station at Kalabaka 
has been demolished. 
The reply to the 
4th Army Corps has 
been forwarded. Mr. 
Naoum gives infor- 
mation that the Ger- 
man attack on the 
Macedonian front will 
take place. — Post- 
script of S ( ?) for 
Falkonhauscn, fur- 
nishing him infor- 
mation as to the 
army of the Entente 
in Macedonia. 
Transmission of a dis- 
patch of Mr. J. Theo- 
toky containing the 
reply of King Con- 
stantino to the pro- 
posal of Field-Mar- 
shal von Hindenburg 
in relation to the de- 
struction of the Greek 



Page 



93 



94 



95 



CONTENTS 



No. 



87 



Name of signatory 



Mr. Zalocostas 
King Constantine 
Queen Sophie 
Mr. Th. Ypsilanti 



Mr. Zalocostas 
Mr. J. Theotoky 
Queen Sophie 



Place and date of 
transmission 



1917 



Athens, Jan. 13/26 



Athens, Jan. 27/ 

Feb. 9 



Summary 



artillery and war 
material. List of the 
material concentrated 
in the Peloponnesos 
— Postscript tranS' 
mitting the informa- 
tion that the Vali 
of Smyrna has been 
bribed by the En 
tente to surrender 
the city to them. 

Transmission of a dis 
patch of congratula 
tion addressed by 
King Constantine and 
Queen Sophie to Em- 
peror William on the 
occasion of his anni- 
versary. Debarka- 
tion of 40 Senegalese 
soldiers to guard the 
French Legation. — 
Postscript of Mr. N. 
Theotoky. 

Transmission of a tele- 
gram of Mr. J. Theo- 
toky to Mr, N. Theo- 
toky asking for news. 
— Dispatch of Queen 
Sophie to Princess 
M ( ? ) relative to the 
submarine blockade. 
—Postscript of S(?) 
for Falkenhausen. 



APPENDIX 



89 Mr. Naoum 



1915 

Sofia, Sept. 8/21 



Declarations of Mr. 
Eadoslavoff on the 
occasion of the Bul- 
garian mobilization. 
The Turco-Bulgarian 
accord has been con- 
cluded. Rimniania will 
preserve her neutral- 
ity. Greece will do 
the same. Serbia 
will prefer to engage 



CONTENTS 



No. 



Name of signatory 



90 



91 



Mr. N. Theotoky 



Mr. N. Theotoky 



Place and date of 
transmission 



Summary 



1916 

Berlin, Jan. 8/21 



Berlin, Mar. 21/ 

Apr. 3 



92 



93 



94 



Mr. Gryparis 



Mr. Gryparis 



Vienna, Mar. 29/ 

Apr. 11 



Vienna, Sept. 11/24 



Mr. Coromilas 



Rome, Nov. 25/Dec. 8 



in a war against Bul- 
garia rather than 
to lose her common 
frontier with Greece. 
The King of Bulgaria 
and' his Government 
are animated by sin- 
cere intentions with 
regard to Greece. 

Information as to the 
demands formulated 
by the King of Bul- 
garia on the occa- 
sion of his visit to 
the German General 
StaflF and to Vienna. 
Contrary to the in- 
formation furnished 
by the Minister of 
Greece at Vienna on 
this subject, no de- 
mand at the expense 
of Greece has been 
formulated. 

Mr. Gryparis confirms 
his information on 
the subject of the 
pretentions formu- 
lated by the King of 
Bulgaria at the ex- 
pense of Greece. 

Mr. Gryparis begs the 
new Minister of For 
eign Affairs of Greece 
to take note of his 
preceding telegrams 
concerning the Bul- 
garians. 

Telegram of Mr. Coro- 
milas to King Con- 
stantino in conse- 
quence of the events 
of Nov. 18-19/Dec. 
1-2. Mr. Coromilas 
adjures the King to 
re-establish the unity 
of the nation for the 
safety of the father- 
land. 



Page 



99 



99 



100 



102 



102 



The present book completes the one that was published in the 
month of August. It is divided into two parts. 

The first part contains the documents which have since then been 
deposited in the Chamber of Deputies, or transmitted to the Parlia- 
mentary Commission which was charged with the functions of Public 
Prosecutor before the High Court which was constituted for the trial 
of the Cabinets of Skouloudis and Lambros. 

The second part contains the translations of a certain number of 
deciphered telegrams exchanged between the courts of Athens and 
Berlin, which have also been transmitted to the said Commission. 
These telegrams were written in cipher with a special code and trans- 
mitted either by wireless or by cable ; in the latter case, the Minister 
Eesident of Greece at Berne or again the Royal Legation at Rome 
transmitted them without knowing their contents. The details as to 
this correspondence are set forth in a letter to the President of the 
Chamber of Deputies and in a supplementary memorandum inserted 
at the beginning of the second part. 

The present book contains, finally, six telegrams of the Ministers 
of Greece, at Sofia, Berlin, Vienna and Rome. 

The words in brackets ( [ ] ) take the place of words which are 
illegible or missing in the telegraphic texts; the mention of "illegible 
words," or the point of interrogation (?) indicate that it was im- 
possible thus to complete the meaning. 

The dates, unless there is a contrary indication, are those of the 
Julian Calendar. Those contained in the body of the telegrams 
exchanged between the Courts of Athens and Berlin, since it was 
impossible to verify them, form an exception to this rule and remain 
undefined. 



PART I 

No. 1 

Mr. G. Streit, Minister for Foreign Affairs, to Mr. J. Alexandropoulos, 
Minister of Greece at Belgrade. 

(Telegram) 

Athens, May 30/ June 12, 1914. 

From my previous dispatches you have been kept in touch with the 
systematic persecutions to which Hellenism in Turkey has been sub- 
jected for several months. Tens of thousands of Greeks in Thrace 
have been forced to abandon their homes and to take refuge in Hel- 
lenic territory ; during these last weeks, notwithstanding the repeated 
and solemn assurances given by the Ottoman Government to our 
Minister at Constantinople, and by the Imperial Legation at Athens, 
tens of thousands of Greeks in Asia Minor have been expelled from 
their homes and have taken refuge in the neighboring Greek islands ; 
other tens of thousands are on the coast, deprived of everything and 
exposed to starvation, and are anxiously waiting, in order to 
save their lives, to embark on boats which we have sent to pick them 
up. Massacres of Greeks have been reported from Asia Minor; the 
anti-Hellenic boycott continues; treaties are trodden under foot, and 
the Turkish authorities participate in the excesses. Public opinion is 
justly excited to the highest pitch and demands energetic action. 

The Government has given many proofs of its conciliatory disposi- 
tion; in the question of the alleged ill-treatment of the Mussulmans 
in Macedonia, after numerous investigations, it has gone so far as to 
permit the Minister of Turkey to convince himself personally of the 
absolutely baseless nature of the accusations; in the question of the 
vexations and tortures of which the Turks were said to be the victims, 
it went so far as to accept an exchange of the Mussulman populations 
of Macedonia with the Greek populations of Thrace and Asia Minor, 
proving thereby the absence, on its part, of any aggressive tendency 
and of its sincere and friendly disposition ; lastly, even in the question 

1 



of the Islands which have been ceded to Greece by the decision of 
Europe, it has never refused to take into consideration proposals 
which were made by Turkey with the intention of finding a proper 
ground for understanding in order to satisfy the amour propre of 
the Empire. 

The situation having become intolerable, Greece could no longer 
remain indifferent; the systematic extermination of her compatriots 
cannot but become worse if she allows herself to become intimidated by 
incessant provocations. By the note of which you know, we have de- 
manded the immediate cessation of the persecutions and the restoration 
of the refugees to their homes, stating that if satisfaction was not 
given, we would be obliged to send an ultimatum and to demand 
complete satisfaction; failing which we would be obliged to sever 
diplomatic relations and would not hold back before even extreme 
consequences. 

Please bring what precedes to the knowledge of the Serbian Gov- 
ernment in a confidential manner. We appeal to this friendly and 
allied Government in order to ask of it a benevolent attitude and its 
moral support. In case Bulgaria should participate in the war, or 
refuse to defend its neutrality, we would invoke the casus fcederis. 
For the present, Greece does not intend to mobilize its land forces, in 
the hope that the war will not go beyond naval operations. She will 
not do so unless Turkey concentrates her troops at Adrianople, in 
order to pass through Bulgaria, or Bulgaria mobilizes. Our action, 
being due to intolerable persecutions, has only in view the assurance 
of a durable peace and the status quo in the Balkans. 

I beg you to telegraph to me the answer which shall be given you 
by the Serbian Government. 



Streit. 



No. 2 



Mr. J. Gennadius, Minister of Greece at London, to Mr. G. Streit, 
Minister for Foreign Affairs at AtJiens. 

(Telegram) 

London, June 2/15, 1914. 

The Minister of Serbia has Just told me that he has been ordered 
by his Government to indicate to the English Government that the 



present crisis may bring (serious) complications by involving other 
States in the hostilities, if the Powers do not use their influence, 
especially at Constantinople, in order to calm the excitement and (to 
render) the situation more reassuring. 

Gennadrjs. 

No. 3 

Mr. J. Alexandropmilos, Minister of Greece at Belgrade, to Mr. G. 
Streit, Minister for Foreign Affairs at AtJiens. 

(Telegram) 

Belgrade, June 3/16, 1914. 

The Minister of Serbia at Athens has just told me that he is leaving 
for Athens tomorrow and that he has been ordered to give to the Royal 
Government the reply of the Serbian Government.^ He has left me 
a copy of his instructions which I hasten to transmit to you herewith 
by telegraph. I have remarked to Mr. Balougdjitch, in regard to the 
first paragraph of his instructions, that there has been omitted from it 
that in my communication to the Prime Minister, a qualifying phrase 
was used : "if no .satisfaction was given we would be obliged to present 
an ultimatum, etc." (as is stated in your telegram of May 30th ).2 He 
answered me that they had in view (our) final resolution. 

REPLY OP THE SERBL\N GOVERNMENT TRANSMITTED TO THE HELLENIC 
GOVERNMENT THROUGH THE MINISTER OF SERBIA AT ATHENS: 

"The Serbian Government has received the confidential communi- 
cation which wa.s made to it by His Excellency the Minister of Greece 
in the name of his Government, by which the Hellenic Government 
informs it, that if the Sublime Porte does not promptly put a stop to 
the persecutions of the Greeks, it will be obliged to .sever its relations 
with Turkey and not to hold back before even extreme consequences. 

"The Hellenic Government considers that the war will not go be- 
yond naval operations and that in this case it expects a benevolent 
attitude and the moral support of Serbia. 

"Still, the refusal of Bulgaria to declare her neutrality or her 

' See document No. 1. 
' See document No. 1. 



armed intervention in the war will constitute for Serbia, according 
to the opinion of the Hellenic Government, the casus foederis. 

"In accord with these considerations, the Hellenic Government 
thinks that it is not absolutely necessary to order the mobilization of 
its army and that it would only decide to do so if Turkey should begin 
to concentrate her troops at Adrianople or Bulgaria should mobilize. 

"This communication of such grave and unexpected decisions 
reaches us without any warning and without our previous consent. 

"The Serbian Government considers it its first duty to fulfill all 
its obligations of ally, resulting from the Treaty of Alliance, which 
has a purely defensive character and the object of which is the con- 
solidation of peace. It is, however, obliged to declare, from now on, 
that the question of the persecutions of the Greeks in Turkey has 
entered into a dangerous path without those peaceful means which are 
customary under similar circumstances having been exhausted. 

"It is not possible for the Serbian Government, according to its 
appreciation of the political situation in Europe and in the Balkans, 
to consider as justified the opinion of the Hellenic Government 'that 
the operations will not be transferred to land.' As soon as the 
Turkish mobilization is decreed, and it will be decreed under the 
pressure of public opinion in Turkey, Bulgaria will also, on her side, 
mobilize under some pretext or other, either by invoking the case of 
legitimate defense, or by simply fulfilling an obligation due to an 
agreement which may have been entered into to this effect by her 
and Turkey. 

"In this case Greece would mobilize her entire army, which, 
according to the opinion of the Hellenic Government, would constitute 
the casus foederis, namely, the obligation for Serbia to proceed to 
mobilization in accordance with Article V. of the Military Convention. 

"All these contingencies would inevitably arise as soon as the 
Turkish fleet should be attacked by the Greek fleet, because it is 
inadmissible to suppose that Turkey would voluntarily consent to be 
attacked by Greece there (on the sea) where it is more advantageous 
for the latter, and to abstain from operations there (on land) where 
she could have more chances of success. The mobilization of all these 
armies would inevitably bring on complications in the Balkans. 

"Still, the fundamental duty of Serbia, after the conclusion of 
the Treaty of Bucharest, was the maintenance of peace in the Balkans, 
which, besides, is in accordance with the obligations undertaken by 



Serbia by the treaty of defensive alliance concluded between her and 
Greece. 

"The Serbian Government begs to express the desire that the 
question of the persecutions of the Greeks in Turkey may be settled 
peacefully through the intervention of the Great Powers, who have 
assumed the obligation of protecting the Christians in Turkey. Conse- 
quently, it desires that an armed conflict be avoided for the following 
reasons that are decisive according to its point of view. 

''1st) The Serbian Government has not been able, up to the 
present time, to complete its armament, the larger part of which was 
rendered useless or was destroyed in the two wars. It is particularly 
in need of rifles and ammunition. 

"2nd) Serbia also lacks financial means. Its finances are ex- 
hausted. All credit is refused to her and she cannot count on a loan 
abroad. During these last six months, she has made great efforts in 
order to secure a loan for a short term, agreeing even to issue Govern- 
ment Bonds, but to no purpose, inasmuch as she has already obtained 
one which, although now exhausted, has not been sufficient to meet 
her previous obligations. 

"3rd) The Serbian people, and that means the army, is weakened 
and worn out ; it is consequently unable to enter into a new war. 

"4th) Bulgaria is at present better prepared for the war than 
she was when she attacked us. Austria has secretly supplied her, 
from her own depots, a sufficient quantity of new rifles and ammuni- 
tion, and a large number of guns with the necessary ammunition. 
This makes one think that Bulgaria wishes war as soon as possible in 
order to take revenge for recent events. 

"5th) Rumania has not consented to ally herself with us by a 
treaty and persists in advising us to try to influence Greece to take 
a resolution favorable to peace and for a pacific solution of her con- 
flict with Turkey. 

"6th) Our armed action would alienate from us the sympathies 
and the support of the Triple Entente, which are indispensable in 
order to maintain the situation created by the Treaty of Bucharest 
and (to neutralize) the contrary tendencies which aim at its revision. 

"7th) Albania is in revolt and it is possible that the Mussulman 
insurrection may turn against the Greeks and Serbians at a time when 
we would be beginning the war against the Turks and the Bulgarians. 

"8th) Finally, we would imperil and run the risk of losing the 



important gains of the last two successful wars, for the sake of a 
matter which can be settled, at any rate temporarily, through the 
intervention of the Great Powers, meanwhile waiting for the favor- 
able moment when we would be better prepared for the struggle. 

"Consequently, the Serbian Government considers that it is its 
duty towards the country and her vital interests to draw the attention 
of its allies to all the serious dangers which would arise, as soon as 
Greece broke with Turkey and began a war by sea. 

'*I beg you, Mr. Minister, to acknowledge receipt of this reply of 
the Serbian Government as soon as it arrives, and to inform me of the 
further decisions of the Hellenic Government. ' ' 

Mr. Balougdjitch has told me that the Serbian Government wiU 
ask the benevolence of the friendly Great Powers. 

Alexandropoulos. 

No. 4 

Mr. D. Panas, Minister of Greece at Constantinople, to Mr. G. Streit, 
Minister for Foreign Ajfairs at Athens. 

(Telegram) 

Pera, June 4/17, 1914. 

The Charge d 'Affaires of Serbia yesterday communicated to the 
Grand Vizier the following: 

''The Eoyal Government of Serbia, being animated by the most 
friendly sentiments towards Turkey, thinks it is its duty to call the 
most serious attention of the Imperial Ottoman Government to the 
events in Asia Minor and the persecutions to which the Greeks, who 
are Ottoman subjects, are there exposed. The Koyal Government 
earnestly begs the Imperial Government to take at once the most 
severe and the most efficacious measures in order to put a stop im- 
mediately to this intolerable state of affairs. 

''The Royal Government fears that this state of affairs, if it con- 
tinues, may provoke at Athens and in Greece such a great excitement 
that the Hellenic Government may be forced to adopt measures and 
take steps which would render very difficult the maintenance of the 
excellent relations which fortunately exist between Serbia and Turkey, 
relations which it sincerely desires to continue and to develop." 

The Grand Vizier, impressed by this declaration, replied to the 



Charge d 'Affaires that he did not see how that which took place in 
Asia Minor touched Serbia. To the reply of the Charge d 'Affaires 
that whatever touched Greece touched also Serbia in her character of 
ally, the Grand Vizier gave a formal promise that in a few days order 
would be reestablished, and added that he had the impression that 
Greece wished to go to war, which would be folly, inasmuch as we 
have two and a half million Greeks in Turkey who would thus be 
exposed to all persecutions. 

Panas. 

No. 5 

Mr. G. Streit, Minister for Foreign Affairs, to Mr. J. Alexandropoulos, 
Minister of Greece at Belgrade. 

(Telegram) 

Athens, June 9/22, 1914. 

Please express to the Serbian Government the warm thanks of the 
Royal Government for the step which it has taken at Constantinople 
in regard to the persecutions carried on in Turkey, a step which has 
once more proved the strength of our alliance and the friendly bonds 
which unite the two peoples. 

Streit. 

No. 6 . 

A letter sent hy Mr. E. Yenizelos, President of the Council of 
Ministers, to His Majesty tJie King. 

(Letter) 

Athens, August 25/Septemher 7, 1914. 
Sire: 

In accordance with Your Majesty's order, Admiral Kerr has com- 
municated to me the contents of a telegram prepared by him on the 
basis of the interview which he had with Your Majesty, in reply to the 
telegram of the British Admiralty. 

I begged the Admiral not to send this telegram, of which a copy is 
herewith inclosed, until he had received new instructions from Your 
Majesty, and I hasten respectfully to submit my resignation in order 



8 

that the complete harmony that must exist between the Crown and the 
responsible Government during these most critical moments through 
which the nation is passing, may be restored. 

After the declarations which I was authorized by Your Majesty 
to make to the representatives of the Entente Powers and the tele- 
grams exchanged with the King of England by Your Majesty, I do 
not believe that to the new step of the British Government (Ad- 
miralty) Your Majesty will answer that Greece refuses to enter into 
war against Turkey until attacked by her. 

As I had the honor of saying to Your Majesty, we certainly cannot 
undertake an offensive war against Turkey as long as we do not secure 
the cooperation of Bulgaria, or at least her absolute neutrality. But 
to declare that even on that basis we are not disposed to make war on 
Turkey as long as she does not attack us, is manifestly contrary to 
the well-understood interests of the nation. 

We should not deceive ourselves. Turkey has for a long time been 
carrying on war against us without a declaration. After having 
refused to recognize the decision of the Powers as to the Islands, she 
has undertaken, and is continuing against Hellenism, the most furious 
persecutions to which it has ever been exposed. Two hundred and 
fifty thousand of our kindred have already been expelled from Turkey 
and their property, amounting in round numbers to 500,000,000 
francs, has been, as they call it, confiscated. There is not the least 
doubt that Turkey, with the impudence which she derives from the 
unlimited support of Germany, will continue the persecution of the 
Hellenic element on a still larger scale. She will expel all the Greek 
population, consisting of several millions and will confiscate their 
property which amounts to many billions of francs. At the moment 
when we have the prospect of making war on Turkey with the aid of 
many and powerful Allies, shall we let this opportunity escape us, 
only to be compelled later to carry on this war alone, without allies 
or friends? 

In participating in a war against Turkey as allies of England, 
France and Russia, under the above-mentioned condition of Bulgarian 
cooperation, or with assurances of her complete neutrality, we have 
no reason for, nor even any interest in declaring war against the 
Central Powers. But even if they do consider us as belligerents, all 
the probabilities that it is humanly possible for us to forecast con- 
spire to prove that whatever may be tho outcome of the war in 



Central Europe, the local predominance in the East of the group to 
which England belongs will be complete. 

By refusing on principle, and under any hypothesis whatsoever, 
our cooperation in the war against Turkey, we do not escape the war, 
we simply postpone it ; and this for no long time. It is certain that 
Turkey will not demobilize until she has settled her accounts with us. 
Under these conditions our choice is strictly limited ; we shall either 
be obliged to fight Turkey single-handed, in which case it will be 
impossible for us, even if we come out victors, to secure anything 
except the Islands, and to guarantee the future of Hellenism in 
Turkey, which will be exterminated even more ferociously after our 
eventual victory ; or else we shall have to side strongly with the three 
Great Powers, when we shall bring about not only the return to their 
homes of the expelled Greeks, but also secure the final protection of 
the Greek element in Turkey, through the support that it will find in 
the future at the hands of the three Great Powers. 

Thus the course that we ought to follow is already fixed. But that 
which, I think, confuses the issues and produces in Your Majesty's 
mind and in that of Mr. Streit, opinions contrary to mine, is the desire 
not to displease Germany through our cooperation against Turkey 
with the Powers that form the group opposed to the Central Powers. 

And yet Your Majesty is certainly aware that last year, when I 
was traveling through Europe and the English Government declared 
that it was willing to impose upon Turkey the decision of the Powers 
concerning the Islands, even through the dispatch of an International 
fleet, if Germany would agree to this, the latter Power refused to 
cooperate and was the cause of the abandonment of the plan. 

Your Majesty, I suppose, remembers also that later on, when the 
Powers of the Triple Entente decided to address to Turkey a strong 
note on the question of the Islands, Germany intervened in her behalf. 
And today it is Germany that furthers the plans of the Turks by 
giving them ships, money, arms, ammunition, and even officers. It 
is true that these preparations are particularly directed against 
Russia, but at the same time they are directed against us, since 
Germany, in order to compel us to violate our pledges to Serbia, 
threatens us openly with an attack in our rear by the Turks if we 
proceed to assist the Serbians in case of an attack by Bulgaria. And 
even if the Turkish forces are utilized against Russia only, and not 
against us, can anyone doubt that if Turkey finds herself among the 



10 

victors she will become so arrogant that she will be no longer satis- 
fied with the destruction of the Greeks in Turkey, but, taking advan- 
tage of German support on the sea, will take away from us the Islands 
as well, at a time when we shall be without friends and without 
assistance. Besides, we know from the mouth of Count Quadt ^ him- 
self that Germany, in accordance today with Austrian ideas, having 
discovered that the Bulgarians are Tartars and not Slavs, purposes, 
in case of final victory, to create a Great Bulgaria, extending as far 
as the Adriatic, in order to serve as a bulwark against Slavism. 

Why, then, should we be so obliging toward a Power, which seeks 
by every means to help the two principal enemies of Hellenism, 
namely, the Bulgarians and Turks, and why show such indifference 
toward the Powers which after having created and under all circum- 
stances protected Greece, are still disposed today to side with us ? 

Your Majesty, I am aware that the condition which I lay down for 
our military cooperation with the Entente in a war against Turkey, 
the condition, that is, of the cooperation or the assured neutrality of 
Bulgaria, is very difficult to realize. But this difficulty does not 
remove nor lessen the difference which developed at the very beginning 
between the ideas and tendencies of the Minister for Foreign Affairs 
and the other members of the Government — views which, after the 
resignation of Mr. Streit and his temporary retention in the Ministry 
of Foreign Affairs, seem to have been changed into a difference in 
orientation between the Crown and the Government. In order to 
facilitate the reestablishment of that harmony which is so necessary 
between the Crown and its responsible advisers, I have the honor to 
submit my resignation and I avail myself of this opportunity to 
renew to Your Majesty the expression of my sentiments of unalterable 
devotion to the Throne. 

Eleutherios K. Venizelos. 

*The German Minister at Athens during the year 1914: The Translators. 



11 



No. 7 

Memorandum of Mr. G. Streit on the probable results of the war. 

(Translation) 

Athens, March 13/26, 1915. 
A. IN CASE OF THE VICTORY OF THE ENTENTE: 



IF BULGARIA 



I. Cooperates ^ 
with the Entente 



II. 
neutral 



Remains 



IF GREECE 



1st. Cooperates 
with the Entente 



2nd. Remains 
neutral 



1st. Cooperates 
with the Entente " 



2nd. 
neutral 



Remains 



TIT. Intervenes 
against the En- ' 
tente 



1st. Cooperates 
with the Entente 



2nd. Remains 
neutral 



Bulgaria will obtain Serbian Mace- 
donia, perhaps in its entirety, and the 
Enos-Midia line. 

Greece will obtain concessions in Asia 
Minor and a rectification of frontier in 
Macedonia ( Ghevgheli ) . 

Bulgaria will obtain the advantages 
indicated in No. 1. 

Greece will probably obtain a rectifi- 
cation of frontier in Macedonia, but at 
the same time, will run the risk of 
having to make concessions to Bulgaria. 

Bulgaria will obtain a part of Serbian 
Macedonia. 

Greece will obtain concessions in Asia 
Minor and probably a rectification of 
frontier in Macedonia. 

Bulgaria will obtain a part of Serbian 
Macedonia. 

Greece will probably obtain a rectifi- 
cation of frontier in Macedonia. 

Bulgaria will obtain nothing. 

Greece will obtain concessions in Asia 
Minor and a rectification of frontier in 
Macedonia. 

Bulgaria will obtain nothing. 
Greece will ol)tain a boundary rectifi- 
cation in Macedonia. 



12 



B. IN CASE OF VICTORY OF THE CENTRAL POWERS; 



IF BTJLGAKIA 



I. Cooperates < 
with the Entente 



IF GREECE 

Bulgaria will restore Bulgarian 
Thrace. 
. Greece will restore the Islands which 

1st. Cooperates J ^^^ ^^^^^ ^^^ ^^^g^. ^f j^^^g. Minor and 
with the Entente ] ^jjj ^^^ ^j^^ ^^^y. ^^ ^^^^^ obliged to 
make concessions to Turkey in Mace- 
donia. (Autonomy of Macedonia.) 



II. Remains 
neutral 



2nd. Remains 
neutral 



1st. Cooperates 
with the Entente 



2nd. Remains 
neutral 



Bulgaria Avill restore Bulgarian 
Thrace. 

Greece will obtain Monastir with a 
considerable extent of territory. 

Bulgaria will obtain the whole of 
Serbian Macedonia. 

Greece will restore the Islands of the 
coast of Asia Minor and will make con- 
cessions in Macedonia. 

Bulgaria will obtain Serbian Mace- 
donia except Monastir. 

Greece will keep all that she possesses 
and will obtain Monastir. 



III. Intervenes 
against the En- < 
tente 



Bulgaria will obtain Serbian Mace- 
^ 1 + (^ •• + donia, a part of Hellenic Macedonia and 

•1^ 'i^'^'^^^r r ^ perhaps the Enos-Midia line, 
with the Entente ^ Greece Avill restore the Islands, and 
will make concessions in Macedonia. 



2nd. Remains 
neutral 



Bulgaria will obtain Serbian Mace- 
donia and perhaps the Enos-Midia line. 

Greece will keep all that she possesses 
and will perhaps obtain a rectification 
of frontier in Macedonia. 



OBSERVATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS 



(1) This table is limited to Greece and Bulgaria; but neither the 
attitude of Italy nor that of Rumania could be neglected in what 
concerns the results of the war, as these two Powers are bound to 
influence the issue of the struggle. Therefore, the above table is not 
sufficient for the appreciation in their entirety of the circumstances 
which may present themselves. I, however, think that the line of 



13 

conduct which would be followed by Italy and Rumania would have 
only a relative influence on the territorial rearrangements provided 
for in the table. At any rate, I am of opinion that useful elements of 
appreciation are herein contained. 

(2) Likewise, the above table does not provide for the case, which 
is by no means impossible, of a volte-face in the course of the war by 
Turkey in favor of the Entente. In that case, the unfavorable con- 
sequences for us in what concerns the Islands near the coast of Asia 
Minor should be faced by us even in the event of a victory of the 
Entente, provided for in table A ; at the same time, these consequences 
will cease to exist in the contrary contingency, provided for in table B. 
On the other hand, it goes without saying that, if such a sudden 
change in Turkish policy took place, Greece would have to renounce 
all the concessions in Asia Minor provided for in table A. 

(3) The above table is based on the idea that the results of the 
struggle between the Great Powers will alone decide the territorial 
rearrangements that concern the secondary Allied States, independ- 
ently of their success or their failure, which may possibly be contrary 
to the general results of the war. It is well understood that no account 
has been taken of the military questions concerning each group of 
belligerents, although they must be taken into consideration in order 
fully to appreciate the whole; I think, however, that the conclusions 
which I have reached in regard to the territorial arrangements will not 
be influenced by the militarj^ situation which will exist, according to 
the various contingencies, at the end of the war. 

(4) The table presupposes that in the course of the war there will 
be no modifications in the constitution of the two groups of the Great 
Powers, particularly in consequence of the possible divergencies in 
point of view between England and Russia. 

(5) If peace were concluded, not as the result of a decisive victory 
of one or the other of the belligerent groups, but in consequence of the 
exhaustion of the two groups, their forces remaining on the same foot- 
ing of equality, the possible results provided for in the table would 
have to be reduced considerably, but their nature, I think, would not 
be modified. 

II 

In view of these facts, and relying on the data of the above table, 
I conclude: 



14 

(1) That the common neutrality of Greece and Bulgaria does not 
imply any danger ; it will probably have as consequence a small terri- 
torial extension for the two countries, no matter what the issue of the 
struggle may be, but certainly a more considerable one for us, if the 
Central Powers are victorious. There seems to be so little probability 
that Greece will abandon her neutrality, if Bulgaria remains neutral, 
in view of the danger of exhaustion to which we would be exposed, at 
a time when the forces of Bulgaria would remain intact, that it is 
useless for us to concern ourselves particularly about this possibility. 

(2) In the event of the participation of Bulgaria in the war on 
the side of the Central Powers : 

(a) If we side with the Entente, we shall derive great advantages 
in case of the victory of the latter, but we shall also run great risks 
in case of the victory of the Central Powers, since Bulgaria, in the 
latter case, will become very dangerous. 

(&) If we remain neutral, we shall in either case have certain 
small advantages but we shall also run the risk, in case of the victory 
of the Central Powers, of seeing Bulgaria aggrandized considerably. 

(3) In the event of the cooperation of Bulgaria with the Entente : 
(a) If we also cooperate with the Entente, it is true that a victory 

of the latter will open to us the largest horizons, but the Bulgarian 
strength will also increase in a manner dangerous to our territories in 
Europe. On the other hand, the defeat of the Entente will expose us 
to the very greatest dangers. 

(&) If, on the contrary, we remain neutral, we shall run the risk, 
in case of the victory of the Entente, of seeing the Bulgarian power 
considerably increased, but not to our detriment ; on the contrary, we 
have the prospect of a considerable increase of our power, in case of 
the victory of the Central Powers. 

(4) Consequently, the simultaneous neutrality of Bulgaria and 
Greece is in every way advantageous up to a certain point; this in 
itself constitutes a guarantee, as long as the issue of the war remains 
uncertain. The neutrality of Greece alone, if Bulgaria intervenes, 
offers also advantages in any eventuality; but, at the same time, it 
prevents the danger of a disproportionate increase of the Bulgarian 
power, in case the belligerent group with which Bulgaria cooperates 
should triumph. But the danger of Bulgaria 's increasing to an alarm- 
ing degree exists in case, — with Bulgaria cooperating with the vic- 
torious Central Powers, — ^we should be found in the opposite camp. 



15 

This danger of a disproportionate increase of the Bulgarian power in 
relation to our European territories will still exist for us, even in case 
— with Greece cooperating with Bulgaria and the Entente, — the latter 
should triumph. 

(5) It is for this reason that I hesitate to consider the intervention 
of Bulgaria in any eventuality whatsoever as being advantageous to 
Greece, and I would prefer, should the occasion present itself to us 
to intervene in the war, to see the three Balkan States, now neutral, 
cooperating and abandoning their neutrality simultaneously ; for it is 
only then that it would be possible to count on any important results 
from their action — their forces not being mutually offset against each 
other — and to hope that their intervention would decide the issue of 
the general struggle, always provided that Italy did not align herself 
with the opposite side. Each of the three States would, in this case, 
have the right to demand compensations. There would be Transyl- 
vania for Rumania, part of Serbian jMaccdonia and the Enos-Midia 
line for Bulgaria, and for Greece, territorial concessions in Asia Minor 
and a rectification of frontier in Macedonia. 

Ill 

CONCLUSION 

(1) I am of opinion that in any case it is not for us to draw the 
others on and that it is to our interest that Bulgaria should abandon 
her neutrality before we do so. Likewise, I do not call in question the 
fulfillment of the obligations undertaken by us towards Serbia as 
against Bulgaria. 

(2) Certainly Greece, after the recent events, would become in- 
volved in serious difficulties with the Entente, if she remained neutral 
up to the end; on the other hand, public opinion in our country has 
been excited to such a pitch by the arguments which have been pre- 
sented, arguments the soundness of which it has been unable to verify, 
that it would be nearly impossible for us to remain neutral if Bulgaria 
entered into action. 

(3) But the attitude of Bulgaria and Rumania (particularly the 
proposals to take the first step made by the former, and the declaration 
made by the latter, according to which .she does not Avish to have any 
Balkan difficulties but looks toward a common orientation and a con- 
tinued contact with us) , does not exclude, according to my view, the 



16 

possibility of a political agreement between them and ourselves, an 
agreement which would have as object, in the first place, a common 
neutrality and, in default of this, a simultaneous abandonment of 
neutrality in favor of the same group of belligerents, namely, the 
Entente, on whose side alone we can align ourselves. This agreement 
would, of course, have in view only the present circumstances and 
would leave out of account all the divergencies of view existing be- 
tween the three states, as well as the particular tendencies of each of 
them. Such cooperation would justify our inaction in the eyes of the 
Entente, if we should remain neutral, just as it would justify our 
eventual cooperation with the Entente in the eyes of the Central 
Powers, inasmuch as Greece in either case would be following, as far 
as possible, a Balkan policy. 

G. Streit. 



No. 8 

Mr. A. Romanos, Minister of Greece at Paris, to Mr. G. Christaki- 
Zographos, Minister for Foreign Affairs at Athens. 

(Telegram) 

Paris, February 26/March 11, 1915. 

I was today upon my return, received by Dr. Delcasse. He told 
me that the turn which affairs had taken in Greece had been a dis- 
appointment to the Triple Entente. Not only had France and Eng- 
land eagerly accepted the proposition which the Cabinet presided over 
by Mr. Venizelos had made, on condition of its approval by His 
Majesty the King, but Mr. Delcasse had telegraphed to St. Petersburg 
recommending its acceptance and had last Sunday received the ad- 
hesion, in principle, of the Russian Government to this proposition. 
The French Government had at the same time learned of the resig- 
nation of Mr. Venizelos, thus cutting short the parleys between the 
Triple Entente and Greece concerning our cooperation and the ad- 
vantages which would result for our country. 

Romanos. 



17 



No. 9 

Mr. S. Skotiloudis, President of tlie Council of Mimsiers, Minister for 
Foreign Affairs, to the Royal Legations at Paris, London, Rome 
and Petrograd. 

(Telegraphic Circular) 

Athens, November 4/17, 1915. 

The Royal Government sees with distress that in the capitals of 
the Entente the semi-official press is endeavoring to alarm public 
opinion by giving credit to the apprehensions unjustly entertained by 
the Powers as to the real intentions of Greece. It regrets all the more 
this systematic campaign, which is surely inspired, because it had 
every reason to hope that the friendly explanations given to the repre- 
sentatives of the Entente would have dissipated every misunderstand- 
ing. In my repeated conversations with them, I have sufficiently 
clearly given them to understand that in no case would the Royal 
Government think of exercising the least pressure on the Allied troops, 
and that, if I mentioned the obligations of neutrality stipulated in 
the Hague Conventions, it was because such ought to be the official 
language of a country that is neutral and desires to remain so. But 
from the very first I have clearly indicated that there Avould be no 
question of actually applying the above regulations. In the event 
of the retreat of the Allied armies to our territory, the Royal Govern- 
ment could not adopt any other attitude than that which it had ob- 
served, to the satisfaction of all the belligerents, at the time of the first 
landing of the troops in Salonika, namely, that it would limit itself 
to a mere mention of principles without seeking to impose respect for 
them in any manner. And since the Allies make no distinction be- 
tween their own troops and those of Serbia, the Royal Government 
also would not make any distinction between them. 

The Powers cannot fail to take into account the very delicate 
situation in which Greece finds herself between the two groups of 
belligerents, and they ought fully to understand that the largest and 
most sincere benevolence has limits, beyond which the maintenance of 
neutrality becomes impossible, and that the country which desires to 
remain neutral should take great care not to pass these limits. As 
the Entente Powers do not deny and cannot deny to Greece the 



18 

absolute right to remain neutral, they ought, logically and in all 
fairness, to accept the consequences resulting from this and not to 
ask of her the impossible. Greece being neutral and wishing to 
remain so, could not speak officially as if she were not so and publish 
abroad the assurances which she has not ceased to give to the Entente 
Powers. 

It is in this spirit that I have just spoken to Mr. Denys Cochin, who 
declared himself perfectly satisfied. The enthusiastic reception he has 
received, not only at Athens but at Patras, has furnished him, further- 
more, the plainest proof of the real sentiments of the country toward 
France and her allies. 

I beg you, without making a special object of it, to be guided by 
the above, in order, if necessary, to speak about it to the Minister for 
Foreign Affairs, taking care to give to your conversation a strictly 
confidential character. 

Skouloudis. 



No. 10 

Mr. S. Skouloudis, President of the Council of Ministers, Minister for 
Foreign Affairs, to Mr. A. Romanos, Minister of Greece at Paris. 

(Telegram) 

Athens, November 13/26, 1915. 

Barely twenty-four hours after the delivery of the reply in which 
the Royal Government had given full satisfaction to the Powers, and 
as a result of which we had the right to expect a period of suspension 
in order to examine, with the necessary calmness, the last demands, 
the Ministers of the Entente expressed their desire to be received by 
me collectively as soon as possible. I received them early this morn- 
ing and it is not without surprise that I took cognizance of their 
memorandum which is as follows: 

"1. Retreat of the Greek troops from the city of Salonika and its 
environs. 

"2. The free and total placing at our disposal of the railroads and 
of all the roads to the frontier, especially toward Krivolak and 
Monastir, so completely that we can take all the measures indis- 
pensable to our defense in the city as well as its vicinity, since the 



19 

establishment of a defensive organization around Salonika and before 
the Chaleidie Peninsula is of primary necessity in order to assure 
the security of the expeditionary forces. 

"3. Freedom of the seas, including the right to visit ships and 
embarkations in the territorial waters ; that of searching for and de- 
stroying enemy submarines and their bases of supply on the shores 
and in the territorial waters. 

"Taking into account the difficult and exposed situation in which 
the retreat of the Serbian army toward Albania and Montenegro is 
going to place the Allied troops, it is extremely necessary that satis- 
faction should be given, not only by verbal assurances, but also by the 
taking of actual measures, such as the evacuation of the region of 
Salonika by the Greek troops, who are to be withdrawn in order 
not to be in a position to interfere with the liberty of our movements 
and defense." 

As Mr. Guillemin told me that the French Government had taken 
the initiative in this serious and urgent step (an act which I regarded 
as quite natural, since the Allied contingents in Salonika are in large 
part French), I beg you to see Mr. Briand at once in order to make 
to him, as coming from me, in the most friendly and strictly confi- 
dential form, the following declaration : 

"Before replying to the demands of the Powers, we desire to know 
surely what is the ol)jcct of the requested measures. Have they in 
view the security of the retreat and the embarkation of the Allied 
troops, or indeed the establishment in Macedonia, and especially in 
Salonika, of a base of operations? In the first case, Greece would bo 
willing to cover, even with her own troops, the movements of the 
retreat and the operations of the reembarkation of the Allied troops so 
as to guarantee to them an absolute security." 

If Mr. Briand should be disposed to make known to you, confi- 
dentially, his intentions in this respect, you are authorized to give him, 
from me, the assurance on my honor that these confidences would be 
kept strictly secret and that every difficulty would be immediately 
eliminated, and every doubt dissipated. 

I rely on your experience and your tact to give to this very 
delicate step the character of sincerity and moderation which is appro- 
priate. You can explain that the Royal Government is animated by 
the most lively desire to facilitate the task of the French Government, 
but that it hopes in return that Mr. Briand will not lose sight of the 



20 

very difficult and very complicated situation in which we are placed 
and that he will not wish to increase our difficulties. 

Please make known to me as soon as possible by telegram the 
result of your step. 

Skouloudis. 

No. 11 

Mr. A. Romanos, Mimster of Greece at Paris, to Mr. S. Skouloudis, 
President of the Council of Ministers, Minister for Foreign Affairs 
at Athens. 

(Telegram) 

Paris, November 14/27, 1915. 

I have the honor to inform you that I have been received by Mr. 
Briand and that I have communicated to him the question put by 
Your Excellency in your telegram of yesterday.^ He answered me 
that he could not give me precise information on this point. The 
only thing that preoccupies him at this moment is, that if the expedi- 
tionary forces fall back upon Salonika, they may be able to do so in 
full security. It is in order to insure this security that the conditions 
of the memorandum have been formulated ; they originate in the very 
principles of the collective note to which the Hellenic Government has 
given its adherence. ''When the Allied troops shall retire to Salonika, 
what will they do there ? At the present time it is impossible to say. ' ' 
These are the very expressions of Mr, Briand, which I noted down at 
the end of our conversation. He added that "We will do all that we 
can in order not to place Greece in a difficult situation, but Greece in 
her present situation could speak a little loudly. She has her army 
concentrated on the Bulgarian frontiers, she could make her energetic 
words heard. Thus, in this state of affairs, we control the situation." 

In reply to the observation of Your Excellency that a period of 
suspension would be necessary in order to examine calmly the last 
demands of the Powers, the President of the Council has told me that 
to his regret he was obliged to insist, in view of the march of events 
which rendered any delay impossible, that satisfaction be given at 
once. 

Romanos. 

' See document No. 10. 



21 



No. 12 

Mr. S. Skouloudis, President of tJie Cmoncil of Mirmters, Minister for 
Foreign Affairs, to tJie Royal Legations at Paris, London, Rome, 
Petrograd, Berlin and Vienna. 

(Telegraphic Circular) 

Athens, November 27/Becemher 10, 1915. 

The Ministers of the Entente came this evening and stated to me, 
in the name of their Governments, that the declarations made recently 
by His Majesty, the King, to the Minister of France, could serve as 
basis to an immediate agreement of such a nature as to respect our 
scruples and to insure the defense of their interests. After having 
discussed with them the various questions which are at issue in 
Salonika, we finally agreed upon the following: 

(1) Salonika is not to be evacuated. The division stationed in 
that place at present will continue to remain there. 

(2) If the railway staff be insufficient we could augment it so 
as to insure the maximum of efficiency, but we shall in no case accept 
foreign employees. 

(3) If circumstances require, we will not oppose armed force to 
works of a defensive character or to the occupation of fortified points, 
but we shall not only protest formally, but most energetically and 
seriously. 

(4) In case the Allied troops, in consequence of their movements, 
should bring the war into our territory, the Greek armies would stand 
aside, so as to leave both parties free to settle their conflict. 

(5) We cannot accept any discussion in regard to Carabouroun, 
since the King has given his word that use shall never be made of this 
fortress or of the batteries placed in front of it, against the Allied 
forces. 

The Ministers having asked me if, in order to facilitate matters, 
it would not be possible for the Royal Government to proceed spon- 
taneously to the interruption of the repairs now going on, I replied 
that, without assuming any obligation with regard to this, I was of 
the opinion that it was not improbable that such a measure would be 
taken, particularly because of the lack of money. 



22 

(For Paris, London, Rome and Petrograd only:) 

The Ministers declared that they were satisfied, but particularly 
so at the announcement that the Government had already ordered the 
5th Army Corps to move more to the east, so as to leave all the space 
between Salonika and the frontier free. The Ministers of France and 
England have shown their satisfaction in a very marked manner and 
have declared, in agreement with their colleagues, that the decision 
taken constitutes a great concession on our part. I have taken advan- 
tage of this to express the hope that their Governments, being at last 
convinced of our good and sincere disposition, will not only hasten to 
abandon the coercive measures to which, without any plausible reason, 
they have again abruptly resorted, but will give satisfaction to those 
requests of the Royal Government which are of a financial and com- 
mercial character. They have promised me that every difficulty would 
disappear when, in two or three days, the military authorities shall 
have carried out the agreement entered into, and the Minister of 
France further called to mind the declaration of his Government that 
it would be happy to offer to Greece every facility, as soon as the 
difficulties which had arisen should be adjusted. 
(For Berlin and Vienna only:) 

I communicate to you the above for your own guidance and beg 
you to note that the Royal Government, in this new phase of its 
relations with the Entente, remains faithful to the line of conduct 
which it has outlined for itself from the beginning. 

Skouloudis. 

No. 13 

TJie Minister of War (General Staff of tJie Army) to the Commanders 
of the 3rd Army Corps at Salonika, of the 4th Army Corps at 
Cavalla, and of the Fortresses of Salonika and Cavalla. 

( Telegraphic Circular — Translation ) 

Athens, January 26/Fe'hruary 8, 1916. 

To the questions put by the 3rd and 4th Army Corps I reply as 
follows : 

In case strong German, German and Bulgarian or Bulgarian de- 
tachments, commanded by German officers, should present themselves 
on our frontier, demanding to cross it, our covering troops will not 



23 

oppose them, but will retire from the sector of the frontier which they 
occupy toward the bases of their companies or of their respective regi- 
ments or divisions. I communicate the above to you now in order to 
avoid any misunderstanding ; besides, such an invasion does not as yet 
seem to be imminent. You will shortly receive detailed instructions 
about the movements as a whole, and about the disposition of our 
troops in Macedonia, as well as in regard to the strongholds where a 
halt might be made. 

Likewise, if Anglo-French patrols persist in crossing the bound- 
ary, our covering troops will not oppose them, and, should an en- 
counter take place, they will retire to a safe place, raising, if 
necessary, a white flag as a sign of neutrality. 

These measures should be kept strictly secret. 

Yannakitsas. 

No. 14 

The Minister of War (General Staff of the Army) to the Commanders 
of the 3rd Army Corps at Salonika, and of the 4th Army Corps at 
Cavalla, to the Chief of the Gendarmery in Macedonia and to the 
Commanders of the Fortresses of Salonika and Cavalla. 

( Telegraphic Circular — Translation) 

Athens, March 9/22, 1916. 

Following our telegraphic order, dated January 26 of the current 
year,' and in reply to the questions put by the 3rd and 4th Army 
Corps, we supplement this order as follows : 

As soon as the detachments of foreign troops shall begin to pene- 
trate our territory, in the circumstances provided for by our above- 
mentioned order, our scattered outposts should evacuate not only the 
invaded sector, but also the neighboring sectors, to such an extent 
that any encounter with the invading troops may be avoided, and 
sections of Greek troops may not be cut off from the base of their 
companies. 

These outposts will have to concentrate promptly upon their com- 
pany bases, taking Avith them their telephones and all other material 
which may happen to be on the frontier. 

* See document No. 13. 



24 

As the penetration of the foreign troops continues, the companies 
stationed in the invaded zone should evacuate the places of their 
encampment, taking with them the material which is found there, and 
fall back upon the bases of their regiments. The same should be done 
by the companies stationed beyond this zone, in case they should be in 
danger of being cut off by the invasion. The regiments concentrated 
in their bases should be ready to march as soon as they receive orders 
from us. We cannot now give more detailed instructions, inasmuch 
as we cannot know beforehand through what point of our frontier the 
foreign troops will penetrate. It is, then, for the Commanders of the 
Army Corps or Divisions, as well as for the Commanders of troops on 
the frontier, to regulate, in case of necessity, this movement of with- 
drawal. 

As far as we can judge the situation at present, the sectors which 
are susceptible of being invaded by foreign troops, appear to be (apart 
from the sector situated to the south of Doiran and Ghevgheli), the 
.valley of the Strouma, between Beles and Tsingheli and the sector of 
Caradjova. As far as the valley of the Strouma is concerned, a first 
advance would attain, according to our suppositions, the south exit of 
the pass. Consequently, you should proceed in this case to evacuate 
the region comprised between Beles and Ali Boutous, to the right and 
left of the pass, our troops concentrating at Demir-Hissar and at 
Poroya. As for the Caradjova sector, the movements of the covering 
regiment have been well directed up to the present, and we have 
nothing to add. 

To the question what should be done in case Bulgarian detach- 
ments appear alone without German officers at their head, we reply 
that judging from the manner in which the foreign troops are 
operating to the north of us, such a contingency is not to be expected, 
unless it is a matter of patrols, even of somewhat strong patrols ; but 
these patrols will likewise be operating only as fractions dependent on 
a detachment which will also comprise German troops. If, however, 
contrary to every expectation, a strong and exclusively Bulgarian 
detachment should appear, ask immediately for orders from us, avoid- 
ing a conflict in every way. 

In consequence of what precedes, the fortified works for which it 
may be necessary to give special instructions are those of Dova-Tepe, 
Roupel and of Phea-Petra (Croussovitieo). When the foreign troops 
advance on that side, there should remain in the forts, as a garrison, 



25 

only a section of infantry with a small number of artillery and some 
engineers, under the orders of at least two officers knowing French; 
it would be very advantageous that at least one of them should know 
German, and that there should be soldiers in the force who know 
foreign languages, and particularly Bulgarian. The remainder of the 
garrison, with the Commandant of the fort, should retire, taking away 
with them all portable material and such parts of the cannons as would 
render them useless. The above instructions apply also to all the 
other fortified places, although it does not at present seem likely that 
such a contingency will present itself in their cases. As to the above- 
mentioned forts, their Commandants would do well to begin to make 
their preparations now. 

The sections of the companies which remain in the forts will thus 
be isolated in the territories occupied by the foreign troops; their 
officers should enter into relations with the German officer commanding 
these troops for all the needs of their men, who must remain on post 
in the fort and not go out under any pretext; their mission will be 
to preserve and to guard the fort not against a hostile action, which is 
out of the question, but against any occupation which would take place 
if the fort were completely evacuated. They will likewise have the 
duty of representing Hellenic sovereignty in the territory which will 
be temporarily utilized by non-hostile foreign troops, in consequence 
of the presence, at Salonika, of other equally non-hostile foreign 
troops. It will then be a question of military honor for these small 
garrisons to prove their strict and blind discipline, their dignity, 
sobriety and orderliness. The relations of these garrisons to the 
foreign troops will be marked by reserve, but will at the same time 
be quite normal; their Commanders, by their conduct, should be able 
to avoid every (disagreeable) incident, to entertain cordial relations 
with the chiefs of the foreign troops and to obtain every necessary 
facility, such as the means of communicating from time to time with 
the Commander of the neighboring Greek division, through relations 
with the German commanders and with their permission, but never 
secretly. Such results will be attained if, on our part, we show our 
sincerity and entire good faith and if we avoid every imputation of 
espionage. 

The gendarmery will maintain its positions; in case of need the 
gendarmes will concentrate in the interior of the forts. 

All must understand that no matter how disagreeable their situa- 



26 

tion may appear to them, they must submit blindly to the will of the 
State, and understand that the higher interests of Greece depend on 
their complete submission to this will. 

Any indiscretion as to the contents of the present order will greatly 
injure the supreme interests of the State. 

Yannakitsas. 

No. 15 

The Minister of War (General Staff of the Army) to the Commanders 
of the 3rd Army Corps at Salonika and of the 4th Army Corps at 
Cavalla. 

( Telegraphic Circular — Translation) 

Athens, March 20/ April 2, 1916. 

By my orders dated January 26 and March 9 of the current year,^ 
I have sent you instructions as to the manner in which our troops will 
conduct themselves in case of the entrance into our territory of troops 
of the Central Empires coming from the north, although such a con- 
tingency, as I have already stated in the first of these orders, does not 
Seem to be imminent. The present order has as its object to prevent, 
between our troops on the frontier and the foreign troops operating 
in their vicinity, any [disagreeable] incident which might easily 
happen, particularly where the Anglo-French troops, by the advances 
which they are about to make or which they might possibly make in 
the future, might make of our frontier a battle-ground. Even some 
months ago, long before the operations in Macedonia took their present 
turn, a neutral zone was created, as you know, between us and the 
Bulgarians, in order to render impossible such incidents ; but this 
neutral zone, for the above-mentioned reasons, was done away with at 
certain points. It is in order to prevent similar incidents, which may 
occur as a result of the present situation, that I issue the following 
order : 

The general principle which should prevail on all the frontier is 
the following : 

Our small posts ought to be from one to two kilometers distant 
from the opposite posts of the Central Empires and their allies, in such 

^ See documents Nos. 13 and 14. 



i 



27 

a manner as to form between them and our troops a neutral zone of 
the width indicated above, in which neither any groups of our troops 
nor any single soldiers can penetrate; if, however, villages or any 
agglomerations whatever are found in this zone, the gendarmery 
should continue to stay there. Exception should be made to this rule 
in the case of the posts of Oxilar and Negotsani, where things shall 
remain as they are at present. 

For the application of the said general principle, the following pro- 
cedure shall be adopted : In regard to the sector which starts from the 
mouth of the Nestos up to Mt. Ali Boutous, inclusively, as well as that 
which starts from Mt. Ketchik-Aya, to Lake Prespa, things shall remain 
as they are. provided that nothing occurs to modify the neutral zone 
which was formed some months ago, by the reciprocal retirement of 
the Greek and Bulgarian troops; consequently, the distance as above 
fixed, ought, generally speaking, still to separate these troops; if, 
however, this distance has been shortened, care should be taken to 
reestablish it. As for the sectors starting from Ali-Boutous to Seimen- 
Kayas.si and from Lioumnitsa to Ketchik-Aya, the Germano-Bul- 
garians, in anticipation of a possible advance of the Anglo-French 
troops and particularly because the patrols of the latter had at times 
approached the boundary line, have had to suppress the neutral zone 
established on their side and to advance even to the frontier line, 
which they have even fortified at many points in order to hold their 
own against their enemies; thus, we are obliged not only to tolerate 
this situation but even to withdraw our posts to a distance of from 
one to two kilometers this side of the boundary line, for fear that they 
may be taken for Anglo-French troops, which might be approaching 
the frontier. The Germano-Bulgarians will therefore be able to estab- 
lish themselves on this frontier line but without penetrating into our 
territory. They have been thus notified by us, but our posts in with- 
drawing should nevertheless notify them of this fact. In regard to 
the sector which extends from Scimen-Kayassi to Lioumnitsa, inclu- 
sive, inasmuch as it has become a battle-ground and the boundary line 
does not exist any more, wc cannot give you detailed instructions. The 
posts which may perhaps still be found there should withdraw to a 
great distance from the fighting troops, carefully avoiding any contact 
with them. Exceptionally in Lioumnitsa, as far as circumstances 
permit, and in accord with the opinion of the Commander of the cover- 
ing regiment, a detachment shall stay there to encourage the inhabi- 



28 

tants ; but if its presence is likely to bring about a clash with either 
the one or the other of the belligerents, it, too, should withdraw. 

You and your troops, particularly the covering troops, must have 
in view that we have made and are about to make strong representa- 
tions in order to put an end to certain excesses of which the Bulgarians 
in particular have been guilty on our frontier. We are certain that 
these excesses have been committed contrary to the wishes of the 
respective Governments and in spite of the orders of the higher 
military authorities. The Governments and the Military Chiefs are 
exerting, as against this tendency, all their efforts to prevent every 
excuse for conflict with us ; but there exist among our neighbors a good 
many subordinates who, acting on their own initiative, create inci- 
dents which must, however, under no circumstances provoke a general 
conflict. 

Yannakitsas. 

No. 16 

The Minister of War (General Staff of the Army) to the Commanders 
of the 3rd Army Corps at Salonika, of the 4th Army Corps at 
Cavalla, and of the Fortresses of Salonika and Cavalla. 

(Telegraphic Circular — Translation) 

Athens, April 27/March 10, 1916. 

For the present, and until further notice, our order dated January 
26th of the current year ^ is not in force. The same applies to that 
of March 9.^ There remains in force only our order of March 20,* 
concerning which I give you the following explanations: 

(1) As far as the sector of Ali-Boutous is concerned, the neutral 
zone, formed by the reciprocal withdrawal of Greek and Bulgarian 
troops from the frontier line, will be maintained from the mouth of 
the Nestos up to Height 1650 of Ali-Boutous, inclusive. 

(2) In the sector situated between Ali-Boutous (Height 1650) 
and Seimen-Kayassi, these positions being not included, no encroach- 
ment on the frontier line will be tolerated. If the Germans or 
Bulgarians have occupied some points near the frontier line in order 

* See document No. 13. 
" See document No. 14. 
' See document No. 15. * 



29 

to organize a defense, demand their evacuation at once. If they 
insist, alleging reasons of defense, and you are persuaded of the 
absolute necessity of such a measure, permit it, but inform us of the 
fact. You will warn them, however, that you will be obliged to 
repulse by force any new infringement on their part. In general 
every advance of more than 500 meters beyond the frontier must be 
repulsed by force. The neutral zone will continue to be maintained 
in this sector owing to our retirement from the frontier line. 

(3) What is said in paragraph 2 is also applicable to the sector 
comprised between Lioumnitsa and Ketchik, excluding the former, 

(4) The Greek troops which are located in the sector between 
Seimen-Kayassi and Lioumnitsa, inclusive, will remain for the present 
at their posts, unless the opposing troops in their vicinity begin hos- 
tilities or advance in large numbers in which case our men must with- 
draw. 

(5) In the sector between Kctchik-Aya and Lake Prespa the 
neutral zone will be maintained, as ordered. Any infringement in 
this sector will be repulsed, if necessary, by force, and in those places 
where the Bulgarians shall, on their side, have violated the neutral 
zone, our outposts must also advance to reoccupy their posts on the 
frontier. 

(6) In order to avoid needless conflict, in case the Bulgarians or 
the Germans pass beyond the points indicated above, you will en- 
deavor to communicate with them before taking any action, in order 
to obtain, in a friendly waj', their ^vithdrawal, and the restoration of 
the status quo, until the question shall have been decided by the 
Governments. In case they threaten to use force, they shall be in- 
formed that our troops have likewise been ordered to resort to force. 
If they undertake to execute their threat, our troops will resist, gun 
in hand. The forts, with the exception of Dova-Tepe, will also resist 
all occupation. Whenever the Germans and Bulgarians, withdrawing, 
reestablish the neutral zone, our troops will do the same. In your 
parleys you will always use a friendly tone, striving to avoid all 
provocation. In case of an engagement between our troops and Bul- 
garian or German troops the army corps and divisions shall abstain 
from arrangements of a general nature until they have received 
orders from us. 

Yannakitsas. 



30 



No. 17 

The Minister of War (General Staff of the Army) to Brigadier-General 
Gennadis, Commander of the 4th Army Corps at Cavalla. 

(Telegram) 

Athens, May 4/17, 1916. 

In reply to the telegram which you have sent me, I inform you that 
if the Germans or the Bulgarians should occupy, beyond the limits 
fixed by my order of April 27 of the current year,^ territories which 
they might afterwards refuse to evacuate, without in any case using 
force, we think that it is not to our interest that you should, on your 
own initiative, give the order to resort to arms, before receiving from 
us an order to that effect. Consequently, if this eventuality should be 
realized, you should apply to me and await my instructions, unless 
it is a matter of an advance of more than 500 meters, in which case 
the above-mentioned order is clear. 

Yannakitsas. 

No. 18 

The Commander of Infantry Mavroudis, in command of Fort Boupel, 
to the Commander of the Fortress of Salonika. 

(Telegram) 

RouPEL, May 13/26, 1916. 

I have the honor to bring to your knowledge that at 9 : 45 a.m. 
the appearance of a hostile column was noted, composed of a battalion, 
a half-squadron of cavalry and of several transport wagons. A Bul- 
garian officer declared to one of the officers of our covering troops of 
Eskidje, that at noon a mixed detachment, composed of Germans and 
Bulgarians, would penetrate into Greek territory preceded by a 
squadron of German cavalry. This column would have as object the 
occupation of the most important points in our territory. 

Mavroudis. 

* See document No. 16. 



31 



No. 19 

Brigadier-General Gennadis, Commander of the 4tJi Army Corps, to 
the Minister of War (General Staff of the Army) at Athens. 

( Telegram — Translation) 

Cavalla, May 13/26, 1916. 

The 6tli Division reports that today at 11 : 15 a.m. the commander 
of a Bulgarian or Germano-Bulgarian column declared to the Com- 
mander of Roupel that it was going to penetrate into our territory. 
He demanded an answer as to this before midday. A squadron at- 
tempted to cross the Bridge of Koula in order thus to enter our terri- 
tory. The Division (Headquarters) ordered Roupel to offer opposi- 
tion by force to any advance of more than 500 meters over our fron- 
tier, in accordance with your telegraphic orders of April 27 and May 
4 of the current year.^ I approved the order given by the Division 
and sent word to the Bulgarians that any advance that they might 
possibly undertake would be opposed by force, without awaiting pre- 
liminary authorization by the Greek Ministry of War. 

Gennadis. 

No. 20 

Brigadier-General Gennadis, Commander of the 4th Army Corps, to 
the Minister of War (General Staff of the Army) at Athens. 

(Telegram) 

Cavalla, May 13/26, 1916. 

The 6th Division announces that two Bulgarian or German regi- 
ments have taken up their positions in order of battle opposite 
Hodjovo (Hodja-Tsiflik) ; parts of these regiments are advancing 
towards Hodjovo. I have ordered the Division to conform to the 
order that I have today transmitted to it by telegraph in regard to 
Roupel. - 

' See documents Nos. 16 and 17. 
* See document No. 19. 



32 

The Division reports also that German troops have penetrated into 
our territory, in the Topolnitsa sector, and are advancing in order to 
occupy the neighboring heights of Vetrina. 

Gennadis. 

No. 21 

Colonel Messalas of tJie Engineering Corps, Chief of the Service behind 
the Lines, to Brigadier-General Bousmams, Chief of the General] 
Staff of the Army, at Athens. 

(Telegram) 

Salonika, Ma/y 13/26, 1916. 

According to a telegram of the Commander of Fort Roupel, re- 
ceived at 4 : 00 p.m., the Germano-Bulgarians declared to him, that in 
consequence of the instructions which they had received from their 
Governments, they would penetrate into our territory in order to 
occupy the fort. They at the same time declared that the responsi- 
bility for what might follow would fall upon the Commander and the 
Greek officers of the fort. Thus your order of the 9th of March of the 
current year ^ is not applicable in the case, since it has in view simply 
an invasion of our territory, while the Bulgarians demand the occu- 
pation of the fort, which is something quite different. Please give 
me orders. 

Messalas. 

No. 22 

The Minister of War (General Staff of the Army) to the Commanders 
of the 3rd Army Corps at Salonika, of the 4th Army Corps at 
Cavalla, of the 6th Division at Serres, and of the Fortress of 
Salonika. 

(Telegraphic Circular) 

Athens, May 13/26, 1916. 

In consequence of a report of the 6th Division, according to which 
the Commander of a Bulgarian or Germano-Bulgarian column has 

^ See document No. 14. 



33 

declared to the Commander of Roupel that it was about to penetrate 
into our territory/ we order the application in this circumstance of our 
order dated March 9 of the current year,^ which we again put into 
force in regard to the invaded sector, by canceling, insofar as this 
sector is concerned, our order of April 27 of the current year.^ 
At the same time make energetic protest to the foreign troops. 

Yannakitsas. 

No. 23 

Brigadier-General Gennadis, Commander of the 4th Army Corps, to 
the Minister of War (General Staff of the Army) at Athens. 

( Telegram — Translati on ) 

Cavalla, May 13/26, 1916. 

The 6th Division has just reported to me that the Germane- 
Bulgarians, having been caught under the fire of Roupel and the 
covering infantry, made a precipitate retreat as far as beyond Koula. 
In consequence of this fact, and in accordance with your telegraphic 
order of today,* I have telegraphed to the Division to issue an order 
prohibiting in future any resistance in such a case, and to postpone 
the presentation of a protest, until a new advance of the Germano- 
Bulgarians is reported. A more recent telegram of the Division an- 
nounces that Germano-Bulgarian detachments crossed our frontier at 
Koula, marching towards Eskid.je, and that in consequence of this new 
advance, it has proceeded to the presentation of said protest. 

Gennadis. 

No. 24 

Brigadier-General Bairas, Commanding the 6th Division, to the 
General Staff of the Army, at Athens. 

( Telegram — Translation ) 

Serres, May 14/27, 1916. 

The Commander of Roupel reports that at 10: 45 p.m. a Bulgarian 
officer notified him of an order of the Commander of the troops 

' See document No. 19. 
' See document No. 14. 
' Sec document No. 16. 
* See document No. 22. 



34 

stationed opposite Koupel, according to which the fort should be 
evacuated, during the night, or it would be taken by force; if the 
garrison did not leave the fort during the'night, it would be considered 
cut off from the rest of the army and could no longer communicate 
with it. The Bulgarian officer added that the material, so far as we 
could not carry it away, should be delivered to them beyond the 
Strouma bridge, against a receipt, and on condition of restitution. 

In order to avoid the blockading of a whole battalion at Roupel, 
do you authorize me to give to the garrison the order to leave the 
fort, except for a company which would remain there, and to take up 
its position, while awaiting orders, near the main road, at a distance 
of 2 to 3 kilometers south of the fort? Please give me instructions 
immediately. 

Bairas. 

No. 25 

Protocol of tlie surrender of Fort Roupel. 

(Translation) ^ 

Fort Roupel, May 14/27, 19W. 

The Commander of the Fort, John Mavroudis, has surrendered the 
fort to the German Cavalry (Captain Thiel) with the following 
material and supplies : 

(1) Two guns of 15 cm. 

(2) Two guns of 7.5 cm. with 800 shells. 

(3) 1,200,000 cartridges. 

(4) 6,500 kilos of biscuits. 

(5) 350 kilos of sugar. 

(6) 150 kilos of butter, 
as well as other provisions. 

Mavroudis, Thiel, 

Commander of Infantry. Captain of Artillery. 

* The present protocol was drawn up in German. 



35 



No. 26 

The Minister of War (General Staff of tJie Army) to Brigadier- 
General Bairas, Commander of tJie 6th Division. 

( Telegram — Translation ) 

Athens, May 15/28, 1916. 

Inform the Bulgarians that according to communications which 
we have received from the German and Bulgarian Governments, the 
railroad station at Demir-Hissar is not included in the zone which they 
claim the right to occupy, and that in consequence of your report it 
will be made the subject of a new agreement. Their responsibility, 
therefore, for anything that happens before this agreement is reached 
will be heavy. 

We inform you, however, that the agreement that you requested us 
to make with Sarrail, as to the use of aeroplanes, is impossible. They 
insist on the use of aeroplanes. Also an advance of Anglo-French 
cavalry seems imminent. Under these circumstances leave a small 
guard-detachment in the railroad station and withdraw in time, if the 
Anglo-French or Bulgarians advance to occupy it. Make the preced- 
ing explanations to your troops in order to maintain their morale. As 
to the town of Demir-Hissar, keep its garrison always in full force. 

Yannakitsas. 

No. 27 

Mr. 8. Skouloudis, President of the Council of Ministers, Minister for 
Foreign Affairs, to Mr. D. Caclamanos, Charge d'Affaires of 
Greece at Paris. 

(Telegram) 

Athens, May 21/ June 3, 1916. 

As T have already made known to you, and, at the same time, to the 
other Royal Legations in the capitals of the Entente, contradicting the 
information of the "Exchange" Agency,' it is entirely false that the 
occupation of Fort Roupel is duo to a preliminary agreement with the 
Central Powers. The French Government is altogether right in ad- 
' See White Book 1917, document No. 63. 



36 ^' 

mitting that this occupation is explained by considerations of defense, 
but we do not understand how it can for an instant think of reproach- 
ing us, — in the presence of this occurrence which the resolution to 
remain neutral has forced us to tolerate — with having received from 
the Central Powers the same recognition of territorial integrity and 
the same assurances for the restitution of the occupied territories as '| 
have been furnished us by the Entente Powers. And what we can 
understand even less is their reproaching us for our passive attitude 
in the face of the invasion of our territory by the Germano-Bulgarians 
and their complaining at the so-called abandonment of our policy of 
benevolent neutrality. 

The Powers of the Entente have been from the beginning informed 
of our intentions, and our policy has been too many times explained 
to permit of the least doubt existing in their minds. On the 4th of 
last November we declared to them, through you, "That they ought 
to understand well that the largest and most sincere benevolence has 
limits beyond which the maintenance of neutrality becomes impossible, 
and that the country which is resolved to remain neutral should be 
careful not to pass these limits."^ Especially with regard to the 
entrance into our territory of their enemies, the Entente Powers have 
been informed by declarations, repeated ad nauseam, for the last six 
months, that we would not oppose it. Mr, Briand should not have 
forgotten that when, last November, he suggested to us to use strong 
language ^ to the Bulgarians so as to stop them at our frontier, we 
hastened to declare to him that ' ' in our condition of neutrality, which 
we were absolutely resolved to maintain, it was only in case the falling 
back of the expeditionary force on Salonika bade fair to end in a 
reembarkation that we could use strong language." And when, after 
the Allies had resolved to remain in Salonika, we had to come to an 
arrangement with them in regard to questions created by their occu- 
pation, it was expressly understood that in case the Allied troops, by 
reason of their movements, should bring the war into our territory, 
the Greek armies would withdraw so as to leave the field clear to both 
parties to settle their conflict.^ It is therefore absolutely untrue to 
insinuate that the condition in Macedonia has changed through the 
fault of Greece, and it is a searching for idle pretexts to claim 

^ See document No. 9. 
''See document No. 11. 
* See document No. 12. 



37 

a liberty of action in Macedonia, which, in fact, has never been lacking 
to the Allied armies. 

It was in this spirit that I replied, Thursday morning, to Mr. 
Guillemin, who came to inform me that, in view of the new situation 
created in Macedonia, General Serrail would probably be obliged to 
take measures which might appear to him to be necessary for the 
security of his troops. I requested that a written memorandum of 
this verbal declaration be left with me. Mr. Guillemin replied 
that he could not do so without receiving instructions for which he 
was going to apply, but this did not hinder the '' Agence Radio" from 
publishing next day the purport of his declaration, without 
my having received the confirmation in writing which I had 
requested. 

Thursday evening Mr. Guillemin came to see me in order to read 
to me a dispatch in which Mr. Briand instructed him to, declare that 
■"if the Bulgarian advance continued in Eastern Macedonia without 
resistance on the part of the Greek army, most serious consequences 
for the Greek Government might result therefrom." I represented to 
him that this injunction to set up a resistance which, in the given case, 
could only result in our abandoning our neutrality was in flagrant 
contradiction with the declaration, often repeated and recently pub- 
lished once more, that the Powers have neither the intention nor the 
desire to make us abandon our neutrality, but Mr. Guillemin was not 
able to explain to me the significance of this injunction nor the import 
of the menace of which he spoke. 

Things were in this condition when suddenly today, at the hour 
when the people were preparing to celebrate in Salonika, as in the 
other cities of the Kingdom, the official Te-Deum in honor of His 
Majesty the King's fete-day, General Sarrail proclaimed martial law 
and applying it immediately, rendered the official celebration of the 
fete impossible. In fact, this morning, French, English and Serbian 
detachments, equipped with machine guns, occupied various im- 
portant points in the city and, in succession, the post and telegraph 
offices, the wireless station, the Government building, the police sta- 
tions and the State railroad stations. The Chief of the Gendarmery 
of Macedonia and the Chief of Police were requested to leave Mace- 
donia within twenty-four hours. The Commissaries of Police were 
begged to stay at their posts until further orders. After taking these 
measures, General Sarrail contented himself with writing to General 



38 

Moschopoulos that "in view of the circumstances, a state of siege is 
proclaimed in all the zone occupied by the Allied armies. ' ' 

Please ask to see Mr, Briand without delay in order to make known 
to him the above-mentioned considerations and facts and to explain 
to him the great surprise of the Royal Government that such serious 
measures were adopted without the least previous warning such as we 
were entitled to expect, if only as a mere matter of courtesy, after the 
verbal declarations which Mr. Guillemin had been asked to supplement 
by a written communication. You will please add that the entire 
nation shares the deep pain of the people of Salonika which was pre- 
vented, without any reason, from celebrating the fete of its beloved 
King, and that the Royal Government, voicing the sentiment of all 
the Greeks, insists on expressing officially its indignation that a French 
General, forgetful of the most elementary rules of courtesy and hospi- 
tality, in order to inaugurate a regime so manifestly contrary to the 
respect due to Hellenic sovereignty, should have thought it necessary 
to choose just the hour when the official ceremony of the fete of 
His Majesty the King was about to be celebrated. You will, finally, 
formulate the strongest protests on the part of the Royal Government 
against the serious assault thus made upon our sovereignty, despite 
the above-mentioned arrangement of November 27 as to the conditions 
of the stay of the Allies in Salonika.'- 

Skouloudis. 

No. 28 

The Commander of Infantry, Mavroudis, to the Commander of the 
Fortress of Salonika. 

(Report — Translation) 

Demir-Hissar, May 29 /June 11, 1916. 

I have the honor of bringing to your knowledge that in consequence 
of an order sent me by the 6th Division, I have turned in the protocol 
of the surrender of Fort Roupel and the delivery of its material, 
drawn up and signed by Thiel, Captain of the German Cavalry, and 
by me, as Commander of the said stronghold.^ 

In regard to the delivery of the material left in the fortress, I have 

^ See White Book 1917, documents Nos. 62 and 63. 
^ See this protocol in No. 25. 



39 

the honor to submit to you the three letters, herewith attached, which 
were addressed to me by Captain Thiel, and I beg you to give me 
your orders with relation thereto. 

You will also find herewith attached the demand for the surrender 
of the fortress which was addressed to me by this officer. 

J. Mavkoudis. 

Annex I 

Demand for Surrender addressed hy Thiel, Captain of Cavalry, to 
Mavroudds, Commander of Infantry, in command of Fort Roupel. 

(Translation) 

May 14/27, 1916. 

The German troops have received the order to request the Greek 
troops to retire before them and to surrender to them the fortifications 
of Dragotine-Roupel, as well as the positions of Tsinguel-Dag. 
Furthermore, they cannot allow the presence of Greek troops behind 
them, nor the occupation in the future, by Greek detachments, of the 
fortifications of Dragotine and of Roupel. 

Thiel. 

Annex II 

Letter addressed by Thiel, Captain of Cavalry, to Mavroudis, 
Commander of Infantry. 

(Letter — Translation) 

May 20/ June 2, 1916. 
Commandant : 

In reply to your kind letter of May 31, 1916 [new style], I have 
the honor of bringing to your knowledge, by order of my General, 
that the preparations for the transportation of the guns and the 
material thereto appertaining, over the Strouma bridge, east of 
Vetrina, will begin today. The day and hour of the delivery cannot 
yet be exactly fixed; you will receive another communication about 
this matter. 

I seize this opportunity to assure you of my sentiments of high 
esteem. 

Thiel. 



40 



Annex III 

Letter addressed hy TMel, Captain of Cavalry, to Mavroudis, 
Commander of Infantry. 

( Letter — Translation ) 

May 21/ June 3, 1916. 
Commandant : 

By order of my General, I have the honor to inform you that today 
at 2 : 30 P.M., the four guns will be ready to be delivered to the 
Hellenic Government by a German officer, in the main road east of 
the Vetrina bridge and the Demir-Hissar railway station. 
Please accept the assurance of my high esteem. 

Thiel. 

Annex IV 

Letter addressed hy Thiel, Captain of Cavalry, to Mavroudis, 
Commander of Infantry. 

(Letter — Translation) 

May 25/ June 7, 1916. 
Commandant : 

I have received today your kind letter of June 6 [new style] and 
I hasten to inform you that the delivery of the guns, which was 
agreed upon a few days ago, could not, unfortunately, be effected, 
because at the last moment I received an order from my chief not to 
deliver them for the present. I regret very much that I was unable 
to bring this new decision to your knowledge in time, for I only 
learned this myself at the Bulgarian outposts, when I was awaiting 
the officer who was designated by you to receive the guns in question. 

I have now received the order to inform you that the delivery of 
the guns can only take place in consequence of an agreement between 
the Bulgarian and Greek General Staffs. 

Please accept the assurance of my high esteem. 

Thiel. 



I 



41 



No. 29 



Hadjopoulos, Colonel of Artillery, Commanding the 7th Division, and, 
temporarily, the 4th Army Corps, to the Minister of War (General 
Staff of the Army) at Athens. 

( Telegram — Translation ) 

Ca VALLA, August 7/20, 1916. 

I have the honor to bring to your knowledge that, since yesterday, 
the conduct of the Bulgarians towards our men is entirely hostile. 
The company of Croussovo, which, not having been willing to submit 
to the demand to lay down its arms, had resisted the Bulgarians, has 
probably been annihilated, as is reported by the 6th Division. The 
regiment of Demir-Hissar is considered by the Bulgarians as prisoner 
of war, according to the declaration which they have made to the same 
Division. Our frontier outposts, belonging to the 7th Division, which 
had been isolated by the advance of the Bulgarians, are still [de- 
tained] by them, notwithstanding their promises. The fate of the 
company of Oxila, of the company of the Idjes fort and of the com- 
pany at the railway station of Yenikioi is unknown. The companies 
of Boukia, of the Boukia fort and of Yenikioi have likewise been 
detained ; the Bulgarians, contrary to their promises, do not now 
permit the sending of a train to Kouslakioi in order to get them. 
The Bulgarian cavalry, having met on its way a convoy transporting 
the material of the forts to Drama, has dispersed it and has smashed 
with pickaxes the wagons and the [caissons] of ammunition. 

The Bulgarian columns are followed by plundering comitadjis, 
who demand from the municipal authorities that they shall deliver to 
them certain Greeks designated by name, just as was done at Plevna. 
The panic has spread through the whole region and the inhabitants 
of the cities of Serres, Drama and Sarissaban, seized with terror, are 
taking refuge in Cavalla. 

In short, the situation is getting worse from moment to moment 
and the plan of the Bulgarians is clearly seen; it consists in isolating 
my divisions from, each other and in then occupying Eastern Mace- 
donia in its entirety, not excepting even Cavalla ; this is what I gather 
from the repeated declarations of the Bulgarian officers to our own 
men, according to which statements the Bulgarians would advance in 



42 

the direction of [Sarissaban] to meet the Anglo-French troops, when, 
as a matter of fact, they know perfectly well that there are no Anglo- 
French troops in this direction. On the other hand, a column coming 
from Moudjounos is approaching the line of the Cavalla forts. I am 
making every effort to check it and I have ordered the small forces 
of the Division left with me to concentrate for the defense of the 
Cavalla fortresses. 

The police of that city and the civil authorities report to me that 
disorders are threatened. As I have had the opportunity to explain 
to you, it is impossible to ask and to receive orders in accordance with 
the exigencies of the circumstances. If then [you wish] that the 
plans of the Government be executed, you should immediately give me 
clear and distinct instructions as to the attitude that I ought to take 
if the Bulgarians should wish to enter Cavalla. 

Hadjopoulos. 



No. 30 

Hadjopoulos, Colonel of Artillery, Commanding tJie Vth Division, and, 
temporarily, the 4tli Army Corps, to tJie Minister of War (General 
Staff of tJie Army) at Athens. 

(Telegram — Translation) 

Cavalla, August 7/20, 1916. 

The telegraphic and telephonic communications with the 6th 
Division have been interrupted since 2 : 00 p.m. ; consequently, I do 
not know what is going on in that sector. The Divisions run the 
immediate risk of being cut off from each other. A column coming 
from Moustratli is marching against [illegible words] in order thus 
to isolate Drama from the south. As I informed you this morn- 
ing,^ the conduct of the Bulgarians continues to be hostile. They 
have only released a small part of the troops captured by them ; they 
have set fire to Fort Idjes, which has been in flames since yesterday. 
Pillaging and murders have been reported and the Bulgarians have 
occupied many villages. 

In order that I may be able to discuss matters advantageously 
with the Bulgarians and to obtain an answer from them, I beg you 

^ See document No. 29. 



43 

immediately to authorize me to recall to the colors the disbanded 
reservists, who will readily respond to my appeal. This measure is 
all the more necessary since there is danger of an uprising of the 
Mussulman population, to whom, it seems, arms have recently been 
distributed. Please answer immediately. 

I learn from a reliable source that the blockade of Cavalla will be 
complete in two days. 

Hadjopoulos. 

No. 31 

Hadjopoulos, Colonel of Artillery, Commanding the 7th Division, and, 
temporarily, the 4th Army Corps, to the Minister of War (General 
Staff of the Army) at Athens. 

( Telegram — Translation) 

Cavalla, August 7/20, 1916. 

Please answer immediately my request as to the recall to the 
colors of the disbanded reservists, because the Bulgarians' intention 
to occupy Cavalla is more clearly manifested from hour to hour; if 
such an event happened, the city would be destroyed and the whole 
Army Corps would be made prisoners by the Bulgarians, whose conduct 
is treacherous. A delegation of disbanded reservists has declared to 
me that for their part, they will all, quite voluntarily, hasten to join 
the colors again. 

The immediate dispatch of the fleet is imperative ; only its presence 
can stop the advance of the Bulgarians, support us and tranquillize 
the population which is in utter confusion. 

It is not possible for you at a distance to understand the situation 
here. 

Hadjopoulos. 



44 



No. 32 

The Minister of War (General Staff of the Army) to Hadjopoulos, 
Colonel of Aitillery, Commanding the 7th Division, and, tempo- 
rarily, the 4th Army Corps at Cavalla. 

( Telegram. — Translation) 

Athens, August 8/21, 1916. 

Not wishing to resort to force, we reject your proposition concern- 
ing the reservists. Calm the agitated people, and in agreement with 
the civil authorities endeavor to encourage them. The fleet will not be 
dispatched. In the course of the day we hope to give you further 
instructions. 

Callaris. 

No. 33 

Brigadier-General Dousmanis, Chief of the General Staff of the Army, 
to Hadjopoulos, Colonel of Artillery, Commanding the 7th Division 
and, temporarily, the 4th Army Corps, at Cavalla. 

( Telegram — Translation) 

Athens, August 8/21, 1916. 

By order of the Government, I herewith transmit to you, for your 
information, an official communication of the Ministry of Foreign 
Affairs, published in today's papers, and I beg you to bring its 
contents properly to the knowledge of the [different] sections of the 
Army Corps which you command : 

"On the occasion of the new invasion of the German and Bul- 
garian troops in Greek territory, the Legations of Germany and 
Bulgaria at Athens, by order of their Governments, have renewed to 
the Hellenic Government, in writing, the assurances which were given 
to it at the time of the first invasion. 

"The assurances which were then given and are today renewed 
are the following: The territorial integrity of the Kingdom and Hel- 
lenic sovereignty will be absolutely respected. The German and 
Bulgarian troops will evacuate Greek territory as soon as the military 
reasons necessitating this action shall have ceased to exist. The Allies 



45 

will respect individual liberty, the rights of ownership and the estab- 
lished religious conditions, and will conduct themselves toward the 
populations of the country in an absolutely amicable manner. Any 
damage caused by the German and the Bulgarian troops, during their 
stay in Greek territory, will be indemnified. 

"The Greek Government has given orders to the administrative, 
judicial, and military authorities of the occupied localities to remain 
at their posts and to look after the revictualing of the populations." 

DOUSMANIS. 

No. 34 

The Minister of War (General Staff of the Army) to Hadjopoulos, 
Colonel of Artillery, Commanding tJie 7th Division, and, tempo- 
rarily, the 4th Army Corps at Cavalla. 

(Telegram — Translation) 

Athens, August 17/30, 1916. 

Inform us, after coming to an understanding with the Fortress of 
Cavalla, where the armament of the batteries of the Fortress is and 
whether you have entered into negotiations with the Germano-Bul- 
garian forces for the return of this armament and the transportation 
of the material into the town. 

Callaris. 

No. 35 

Memorandum [addressed] to Mr. N. Politis, Minister for Foreign 
Affairs, on the persecutions against the Greeks in Bulga/ria and 
vn the territory occupied temporarily hy the Bulgarians. 

(According to Official Documents — Translation) 

Athens, October 10/23, 1917. 

This summary statement is not intended to prove the systematic 
persecutions in general, to which the Hellenic element, which has lived 
in these regions from ancient times, has been subjected since the crea- 
tion of the Bulgarian Principality; nor is it intended to recall to 
memory the murders perpetrated in pursuit of a well studied plan 
from 1906-1908 by the Bulgarian comitadjis, with the consent and 



46 

the complicity of the Bulgarian authorities, against the Greek popu- 
lations of Bourgas, Philippolis, Varna, Stenimachos, etc., the pillage 
of the Greek churches and schools in these places, which, although 
built and endowed by Greeks, have nevertheless been seized and given 
to the Bulgarians, so that at present not a single Greek school or 
church exists in Bulgaria; nor, lastly, is it intended to recall the 
emigration en masse of the unfortunate Greeks, who, fleeing from 
Bulgarian persecutions, have had to take refuge in Greece. 

The present memorandum is limited to the exposition of the perse- 
cutions, the seizures of property and the murders of the Greeks com- 
mitted by the comitadjis, since the year 1913, with the complicity of 
the Bulgarian authorities, in order to show once more that, notwith- 
standing the events which have taken place in the Balkan Peninsula, 
the promises which have been repeatedly made and the benevolent 
and paternal attitude of the Hellenic authorities towards the ex- 
Exarchists who live in the new Hellenic territories, the hatred of 
everything Greek, the spoliation of the private properties of Greeks, 
born and established in Bulgaria, the expulsion of the latter from the 
country of their birth, constitute, as in the past, the fundamental basis 
of the Bulgarian policy and administration. 

Hardly had the Bulgarians, in 1913, annexed the part of Thrace 
which fell to them in consequence of the war against Turkey, than 
they immediately put into operation all sorts of means of violence, 
such as mal-treatment, imprisonment, beating, etc., in order brutally 
to expel from their native country all the Greeks of Thrace (who were 
thus obliged to take refuge in Hellenic territory), and subsequently to 
seize arbitrarily their properties, in order to give them over princi- 
pally to adherents who, choosing Bulgarian nationality, were leaving 
Greek territory in order to settle in Bulgaria, not without having 
previously made sure of the free disposition of their immovable prop- 
erty in Greece by means of leases or sales drawn up in due form before 
the proper Hellenic authorities. 

The immovable properties of the Greeks thus expelled have been 
declared by the Bulgarian Government properties without owners, 
and subsequently confiscated, a very short time, as a matter of form, 
having been granted to the interested parties to present the title-deeds 
of their properties ; of course, secret orders, given to the authorities, 
forbade the expelled Greeks to cross the frontier ; the few Greeks, such 
as Telonidis, Matsopoulos, Fimerellis, etc., who, thanks to diplomatic 



47 

steps, succeeded in reaching their homes, were immediately im- 
prisoned. The archives of the Greek Ministry of Foreign Affairs 
contain a large number of reports and complaints setting forth the 
lamentable situation of the Greeks thus despoiled. 

To the representations made by the Hellenic Government to the 
Minister of Bulgaria in Greece, and by the Minister of Greece in 
Bulgaria to the Bulgarian Government, the latter, following its usual 
tactics, has constantly limited itself to giving vague promises and to 
publishing the circular of June 17, 1915, No. 139, which interprets 
the Royal Decree of 1915, No. 49, by which it fixed a ridiculously 
short delay of five days, during which the owners of immovable 
properties, even those residing abroad, were obliged to present the 
title-deeds of their properties for so-called "verification," in default 
of which the immovable properties would be confiscated and declared 
state property. 

It should be noted that the measures in question were executed in 
Bulgaria not by way of reprisals, — since the Hellenic Government has 
never resorted to such spoliations, — but simply in order to Bulgarize 
by force the country, which is essentially Greek, and to enrich the 
Bulgarians at the expense of the Greeks, for as is shown by the 
statistical table hereto annexed, the value of the movable and im- 
movable property of the Greeks who were obliged to leave the Bul- 
garian districts of Gumuldjina, Xanthi, Agathupolis, Dedeagatch, 
Sufli, Ortakioi, Adrianople, Sozopolis, Vasiliko, Lagos, Mustapha- 
Pasha in Thrace, and of Melnik, Petritsi, Nevrokop, Strumnitsa, 
Kizilagatch, in Bulgarian Macedonia, in order to take refuge in the 
newly acquired Greek territory, leaving out of the account those that 
went to Old Greece and the Islands of the iEgean Sea, about whom 
the necessary data has not yet been definitely obtained, amounts to 
167 million francs. 

In regard to Thrace, it may be pertinent to mention that even the 
Greek cemetery of Xanthi has not escaped Bulgarian vandalism; in 
order to efface every trace which might recall the existence of the 
Greek element, the Bulgarian authorities did not hesitate to open the 
tombs, to exhume and throw the bones into the privies, to break the 
grave stones which bore Greek inscriptions, and finally to transform 
the church of the cemetery into a stable; such was the fate of the 
tombs of the Greek families Ladas, Maletsidis, Couyoumdjoglou, 
Stalios, etc. 



48 

How can one characterize, too, the conduct of the Bulgarians since 
they have occupied Eastern Greek Macedonia? 

The documents recently published in the Greek White Book (1917) 
from Nos. 70 to 77 show in a sufficiently startling manner the really 
desperate condition of the Greeks, — the victims of insufferable Bul- 
garian outrages; imprisonments, expulsions, murders, hangings and 
raping are the order of the day; these crimes are committed some- 
times by the Bulgarians, sometimes by their faithful allies, the Turks ; 
the plundering of the properties of the Greek population there has 
been systematically organized ; all means have been used ; requisitions 
of goods without payment or promise of payment, extortion of money, 
arbitrary confiscation of furniture and other things for transportation 
to the houses of Bulgarian officers in Sofia; on account of want of 
provisions and principally of bread, thousands of persons have died 
of starvation at Drama, Serres and Cavalla ; under the pretext of want 
of provisions, but in fact in order to exterminate methodically the 
Greek element of Eastern Macedonia and in the hope of modifying its 
national character, a large part of the Greek population has been 
transported to the interior of Bulgaria. 

The same things have happened in the district of Monastir which 
is occupied by the Bulgarian troops ; there exist in the Ministry of 
Foreign Affairs of Greece numerous lists of priests, women, private 
citizens, all being peaceful and inoffensive people, who have been 
expelled, imprisoned and massacred, and whose movable and im- 
movable properties have been taken away from them; such is the 
case of Peter Nambis, Michael Anastasiou, killed at Croussovo on 
December 10, 1915, by Bulgarian comitadjis; of Vanghelis, killed in 
the Bulgarian quarter of Monastir, December 13, 1915 ; of Zissis Phar- 
makis killed on December 31, 1915, near Resna, by Bulgarian soldiers; 
of Marcos Karayas, imprisoned since the 19th of December, 1915 ; of 
Michael Tegos and of Kalessis, Mayor of Yangovetsi, whose fate is 
unknown, etc. The same condition exists in the part of the Vilayet 
of Adrianople ceded to Bulgaria by Turkey in 1915, when the question 
of the former's alliance with the Central Powers was being discussed. 

Besides, all the Greek subjects residing either in Bulgaria, or in 
the countries occupied by her, were drafted by force into the Bul- 
garian army, notwithstanding all the representations and protests of 
the Hellenic Legation, 

Unfortunately, even in Bulgaria proper, the condition of the 



49 

Greeks is no better; if they are not exactly subjected to the same 
annoyances as their compatriots of the new provinces which have been 
annexed or temporarily occupied by the Bulgarians, they suffer just 
as much from the arbitrary actions of the authorities, solely on account 
of their being Greeks ; their situation is always precarious and on the 
least suspicion, or on the first accusation, they run the risk of being 
imprisoned and forced to leave the country. This forms a brief and 
incomplete resume of the situation of the Greeks since 1913. 

We have no precise information concerning the situation of the 
Greeks since the recent rupture of the relations between Greece and 
Bulgaria, but from certain information which we have received in- 
directly we learn that this situation, already extremely distressing in 
the past, has become considerably worse. 

Appendix 
Statistical Table, first, of tJie Greeks who were obliged to leave the 
Bulgarian districts of Thrace and Macedonia to take refuge in 
Hellenic Macedonia and, second, of the property abandoned by 
them} 



I. Greeks Driven Out from the Districts of Thrace 













Sum total in 


No. 


District 


City or Village 


Number of 
families 


Number of 
individuals 


drachmas of 

the fortunes 

given up 

1 


1 


Ghioumouldgina 


Ghioumouldgina 


494 


1,914 


14,058,437 


2 






Chirkas 


164 


625 


1,907,187 


3 






Kioutchoukkioi 


15!) 


660 


1,440,432 


4 






Sali 


69 


295 


580,490 


5 






Bouladkioi 


.35 


152 


375,318 


6 






Gritzan-Assar 


121 


448 


870,600 


7 






Yassikioi 


109 


454 


2,622,376 


8 






Lefcdgiler 


1 


5 


3,700 


9 






Misaelimkioi 


2 


6 


7,305 


10 






Kirtchiflik 


1 


5 


299,200 


11 






Souaaourkioi 


4 


8 


53,520 


12 


' 




Imaret 


1 


6 


8,040 



' This statistical table, which has been prepared from the detailed statistics 
of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, does not contain the number, nor the value 
of the movable and immovable properties of those of the refugees who went to 
Old Greece and the Islands of the ^Egean Sea, as regards whom the necessary 
data have not yet been deiinitely galherod. 



50 



I. Gbeeks Dbiven Out from the Districts of Thbace (Cont. 













Sum total in 


No. 


District 


City or Village 


Number of 
families 


Number of 
individuals 


drachmas of 

the fortunes 

given up 


13 


Ghioumouldgina 


Ketchikioi 


1 


6 


8,610 


14 


(( 


Sirikli 


1 


1 


8,610 


15 


(C 


Kikitchi 


1 


2 


8,300 


16 


(( 


Kirtzali 


2 


12 


38,910 


17 


(( 


Karatzolkioi 


1 


1 


8,600 


18 


Xanthi 


Xanthi 


1,062 


4,344 


27,797,350 


19 


« 


Kouyounkioi 


158 


743 


1,957,284 


20 


(( 


Yenidje 


23 


91 


235,400 


21 


(( 


Bouloustra 


170 


827 


2,272,753 


22 


(( 


Porto-Lago 


13 


44 


223,360 


23 


(( 


Kedikler 


1 


1 


4.040 


24 


(( 


Yenti-Pire 


1 


2 


7,640 


25 


(( 


Inanli 


1 


1 


10,400 


26 


(( 


Demir-Beili 


1 


4 


700 


27 


C( 


Kotsombas 


1 


1 


3,070 


28 


Agathoupolis 


Brodivo 


164 


557 


2,065,729 


29 


« 


Galatzi 


28 


93 


229,072 


30 


(( 


Kosti 


181 


665 


2,871,485 


31 


(( 


Kalatzaik 


1 


1 


1,000 


32 


Dedeagatch 


Dedeagatch 


458 


1,949 


13,736,443 


33 


« 


Soufli 


942 


4,198 


19,339,591 


34 


(( 


Makri 


135 


533 


2,829,520 


35 


« 


Maronia 


270 


1,207 


7,438,557 


36 


(C 


Eoumtziki 


133 


473 


1,874,193 


37 


(( 


Ferrai 


77 


326 


2,283,318 


38 


(( 


Chantzia 


1 


5 


29,010 


39 


(( 


Tchobankioi 


1 


1 


2,300 


40 


Soufli 


Karabounar 


14 


49 


576,895 


41 


<( 


Kavadjikioi 


314 


1,232 


1,763,114 


42 


(( 


Kornopholea 


304 


1,214 


4,122,720 


43 


<e 


Pasmaktchi 


96 


342 


1,004,580 


44 


It 


Dadia 


158 


612 


1,256,284 


45 


({ 


Kozgori 


3 


14 


46,085 


46 


Ortakioi 


Tchekerdekli 


187 


769 


1,647,000 


47 


« 


Lititsa 


184 


754 


4,823,225 


48 


tt 


Palikrava 


76 


278 


866,039 


49 


tt 


Mandritsa 


99 


382 


3,337,011 


50 


« 


Akalan 


66 


288 


761,197 


51 


<( 


Ketenli 


1 


6 


17,800 


52 


(( 


Limbavou 


2 


11 


24,670 


53 


Adrianople 


Moustapha-Pacha 


17 


71 


402,404 


54 


SI 


Ortakioi 


524 


2,127 


13,256,336 


55 


Sozopolis 


Vassiliko 


236 


830 


3,006,765 


56 


Vassiliko 


Agathoupolis 


321 


1,129 


4,704,025 


57 


Lagos 


Karagatch 


1 


5 


650 


58 


Moustapha-Pacha 


Koumarli 


1 


7 


19,100 


59 


ti 


Belova 
Total 


3 


18 


9,620 




7,595 


30,804 


149,157,370 



\ 



51 



II. Gbeeks Dbiven Out fbom the Distbicts of Macedonia 













Sum total in 


No. 


District 


City or Village 


Number of 
families 


Number of 
individuals 


drachmas of 

the fortunes 

given up 


60 


Melnik 


Melnik 


470 


1,861 


7,258,156 


61 


ti 


Petrovo 


10 


49 


146,185 


62 


ti 


Ano-Djoumaya 


32 


126 


968,480 


63 


a 


Sfetivrats 


4 


19 


90,600 


64 


(( 


Tchiflikia 


1 


1 


2,800 


65 


" 


Prepetsina 


1 


4 


12,430 


66 


<( 


Dere-Mousli 


1 


1 


3,008 


67 


11 


Piperitza-Tchiflik 


1 


1 


55,875 


68 


Petritsi 


Petritsi 


13 


65 


193,240 


69 


" 


Bogoroditsa 


19 


81 


189,000 


70 


cc 


Sirvan 


10 


39 


66,753 


71 


(( 


Startchovo 


109 


455 


1,481,198 


72 


' Nevrokop 


Nevrokop 


72 


279 


1,928,132 


73 


" 


Papatchair 


78 


400 


498,422 


74 


(C 


Dovliani 


2 


3 


9,400 


75 


Stroiunnitsa 


Stroumnitsa 


143 


624 


3,741,148 


76 


" 


Mokrenon 


95 


440 


1,123,630 


77 


(( 


Zibovo 


70 


308 


586,705 


78 


« 


Gavrovo 


2 


4 


38,770 


79 


« 


Kolessi 


2 


7 


39,510 


80 


Kizilagatch 


Kioutchouk-Boyalik 

Total 

Grand total 


24 


95 


94,100 




1,159 


4,862 


18,527,542 




8,754 


35,666 


167,684,912 



PART II 

Athens, October 16/29, 1917. 

Ministry of Foreign Affairs to the President of tTie 
Chamher of Deputies. 

City 
(Translation) 
Mr. President: 

I have the honor to transmit to you the translations of a number 
of dispatches in cipher, exchanged between the former King and 
Queen and Berlin, and I beg you to be good enough to transmit them 
to the Parliamentary Commission acting as Public Prosecutor before 
the High Court, which has been constituted to try the members of 
the Skouloudis and Lambros Cabinets. 

With a view to enlightening the said Commission as to the means 
employed for the exchange of this telegraphic correspondence and as 
to the process followed in order to discover the key to the Palace 
cipher, I think it proper to give you the following information : 

At the request of the Palace, this Ministry transmitted nearly two 
years ago to the then King, a small French ciphered dictionary, dated 
1884, of which our department was no longer making use. 

This dictionary was utilized by the Palace as the basis of a crypto- 
graphic system, entirely new and decidedly complicated, the explana- 
tion of which can be given by the proper officials of this Ministry to 
the above-said Commission, if the latter thinks it useful. 

A second copy of this dictionary was in the possession of Mr. N. 
Theotoky, then Minister of Greece at Berlin, who, by order of the 
King, and without the knowledge of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 
has applied there, also, the same cryptographic system. 

This telegraphic correspondence was carried on by three means: 
by the wireless telegraph, by cable and by a telegraphic land wire 
which worked for some time by way of Moriastir. 

"When the wireless was used, the telegrams were sent through our 
station at Athens to the station at Sofia which transmitted them to 
Berlin and vice-versa. 

The transmission by cable was made in the following manner: 

On a printed paper of the ciphering bureau of the Ministry of 
53 



53 

Foreign Affairs, the address of the Minister Resident of Greece at 
Berne was written with the phrase: "Please transmit the following 
telegram under No. ... to our Minister at Berlin, informing us of 
receipt of same."^ The text of the telegram to be sent followed, 
turned into cipher with the aid of the Palace dictionary, and having 
the name of the Minister of Foreign Affairs affixed (whether with or 
without the knowledge of the latter, I am unable to state), and the 
dispatch was subsequently given to the telegraph office. 

According to my information this work was entrusted to Mr. 
Rhoidis, the Secretary of the King, who was in the habit of going 
for this purpose to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. It is, at any 
rate, clear from the text of the telegrams sent that these were put 
into cipher by Mr. J. Theotoky, the Master of Ceremonies at the 
Court of the ex-Queen. 

Unfortunately, we have in our possession only a part of the tele- 
grams exchanged, that is to say, the originals of some telegrams 
found in the files of the Office of Control of the Posts and Telegraphs, 
and the telegrams which were transmitted, particularly from Berlin, 
by wireless, the combinations of which were copied down in the 
Registry Book of our station at Athens. 

As for the telegrams which were sent or received by the land wire 
through Monastir, these are totally lacking. 

The fact that a large part of this correspondence is missing is 
evidenced also by the special serial number of the telegrams of the 
Palace, which at the end of 1916, had reached a number higher than 
three hundred. 

Please accept, etc. N. Politis. 

SUPPLEMENTARY NOTE TO THE ABOVE LETTER 

The translation of the dispatches in cipher, exchanged between the 
Royal Court of Athens and Berlin, has become possible through the 
discovery of the conventional paging and the double ciphering of 
the groups corresponding to words, applied to the French Code Dic- 
tionary of 1884 (composed by Mr. G. A. Argyropoulos). The wire- 
less message sent by Mr. N. Theotoky to King Constantine and in- 
serted in this book under No. 42, in which the text of a letter of the 

' Some of these telegrams were sent to the Royal Legation at Rome with 
instructions to have them sent by mail to the Minister Resident of Greece .at 
Berne, who was charged with their transmission by telegraph to Berlin. 



54 

S. Bleichroeder Bank of Berlin was transmitted to the National Bank 
of Greece, served as a basis for the discovery of the said crypto- 
graphic system. In fact, the translation of this wireless message, 
which was found in the files of the National Bank of Greece, and the 
text in cipher of this same wireless message, inserted in the Registry 
Book of the wireless station at Athens, made it possible, by the juxta- 
position of the words with the corresponding ciphers (see below) to 
discover the meaning of a certain number of ciphers and little by little 
to obtain the ciphers of all the words in the dictionary. 

(Radiotelegram) 
(Station XM to Station ATA) 
Very urgent. 

His Majesty the King. Athens. 

(Received December 23, 1915/ January 5, 1916.) 



J'ai 


r 


honneur 


de 


communiquer 


a 


Votre 


Majeste 


texte 


750 


6277 


1112 


0990 


6829 


2123 


8159 


7786 


5035 


lettre 


adressi^e 


par 


BI 


ei 


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ro 


ed 


er 


a la 


7434 


43078 


9031 


192 


252 


184 


596 


283 


201 


6225 


Banque Nationale de Grfece 


et 


je 


[?] 


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Majest6 


daigner 


3220 


9745 


3417 


8159 


7786 


0980 


communiquer 


cette 


lettre 


a la 


Banque Nationale de Gr6ce 


et 


6829 


6598 


7434 


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3220 


9745 


me 


transmettre 


tei6graphiquement 


confirmation 


stop 


" Berlin 


2500 


1860 


3642 


3348 


31 3261 


le 
6202 


cinq 
0671 


Janvier 
3435 


1916 


stop 


A la 


Banque Nationale de Gr&ce 
3220 


Athfenes 
2279 


stop 


Je 
3417 


confirme 
33480 


par la 
6256 


pr^sente 
2917 


que 
3509 


Je 
3417 


vous 
0884 


ouvre 


un 


credit 


de 


quarante 


millions 


marks 


sous 


les 


26490 


4097 


8727 


0990 


3562 


48262 


25482 


9533 


7497 


conditions 


suivantes 




Vous etcs 


autoris6s 


soit 


de 


disposer 


99872 


70025 


87 


874 


94008 


931 


0990 


8981 



55 



sur ma 
1311 


caisse 
2420 


soit 
931 


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0990 


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sur moi 
7094 1460 


par 
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traites 
80692 


trimestrielleg 
18605 


68 


au total 
8094 


jusqu'a 
0395 


concurrence de la 
9950 6214 


somme susdite 
4186 7046 


stop 


Pour les 
7574 


dispositions 
89092 


vous me 
0893 


bonifierez 
44886 


six 
4144 


potir 
8551 


cent 
4592 


de 
0990 


Int6r6t 
1200 


par 
9031 


an 
5371 


net 
3930 


68 


pour les 
7574 


traites 
80692 


cinq 
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buiti&mes 
11242 


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cent 
4592 


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commission 
6897 


par 

9031 


trlmestre 
1840 


stop 


Je m' 
0300 


engage 
98800 


2123 


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4725 


les 
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traites 
80692 


de trois 
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en 
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trois 
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mois 
1407 


68 


le 1 remboursement 
6202 


ayant 
890 


lieu 
7488 


trois 
1846 


mois 
1407 


aprfes 
8280 


conclusion 
9966 


de la 
6214 


pais 
9079 


stop 


Vous 
0884 


garderez 
10576 


en 
9814 


portefeuille 
4960 


le 


papier 
9087 


4mls 
15668 


sur 
7094 


mol 
1460 


stop 


VeuiUez 
0874 


conflrmer 
3348 


ce qui 
6590 


pr6c6de 
29250 


stop 


Croyez 
0930 735 


Messieurs 
56212 


a mes 
4874 


sentiments 
27232 


bien distinguSs 
4423 01G28 


Signe 
27588 


S 
5704 


stop 


Bl 
192 


ei 
252 


ch 
184 


ro 
596 


ed 
283 


er 
201 


75 


THEOTOKY 



The wireless stations of Athens and Sofia which were utilized for 
the transmission of the radiotelegrams exchanged between the Royal 
Court of Athens and Berlin, are indicated by the respective call 
numbers, that is ATA for the Athens station and XM for that of 
Sofia. Some of these radiotelegrams were transmitted by the wireless 
station of Constantinople, the call name of which is OSM.^ 



* See also radiotelegram No. 78. 



56 



No. 36 

Mr. N. Theotoky, Minister of Greece at Berlin, to His Majesty 
tJie King, at Athene. 

(Radiotelegram) 
(Station XM to Station ATA) 

Berlin, December 1/14, 1915. 

The dispatch of Your Majesty in regard to the advance of forty 
millions was received yesterday evening.^ I immediately, proceeded 
to take the necessary steps and I hope soon to be able to communicate 
to Your Majesty their result. 

Theotoky. 

No. 37 

Mr. N. Theotoky, Minister of Greece at Berlin, to His Majesty 
King Constantine, at Athens. 

(Radiotelegram) 
(Station XM to Station ATA) 

Berlin, December 2/15, 1915. 

The Minister of Finance has authorized me to telegraph to Your 
Majesty that the German Government is in principle ready to advance 
to us the forty million francs [illegible words]. The Minister begs 
Your Majesty to telegraph to me, whether it suits you that the Im- 
perial Government should open [a credit] for the above-mentioned 
amount with the Banks of Berlin, upon which credit the National 
Bank of Greece may draw by check on Berlin. The interest will be 
6 per cent, and the advance will be reimbursed by the loan which is 
under negotiation. 

Theotoky. 

^ This dispatch is missing. 



57 



No. 38 

Mr. N. Tlieotohy, Minister of Greece at Berlin, to Hi^ Majesty 
King Constantine, at Athens. 

(Eadiotelegram) 
(Station XM to Station ATA) 

Berlin, December 8/21, 1915. 

I have the honor to inform Your Majesty in reply to Your telegram 
dated the 4th ^ that the Minister of Finance informs me that the 
opening of the credit in Swiss banks is technically impossible because 
the German Government has no deposits in Switzerland and that it 
is impossible to send You forty millions in gold. Besides, this trans- 
mission could not remain secret, and this would compromise both 
Switzerland and Greece. If it is necessary to negotiate with Switzer- 
land, this will require as much time as the negotiations for the loan. 

Theotoky. 



No. 39 

Mr. N. TJieotoky, Minister of Greece at Berlin, to His Majesty 
King Constantine, at Atliens. 

(Eadiotelegram) 
(Station XM to Station ATA) 

Berlin, December 16/29, 1915. 

I have the honor to inform You, in reply to Your dispatch of the 
llth,2 that in order to insure more discretion in the matter, the credit 
will be opened entirely with S. Bleichroeder upon whom the National 
Bank will be able to draw. Bleichrceder would charge for the 
acceptance [of the drafts] five-eighths per cent, quarterly. For the 
advance in cash six per cent, annually net. I beg You to explain to 
me what Your Majesty understands by "franc." Does it mean 
Greek francs? Furthermore, please make a proposition on the rela- 
tion between francs and marks. For my guidance please telegraph 

' This telegram is missing. 
* This telegram is missing. 



58 

immediately in what manner the National Bank of Greece intends to 
transform the Berlin credit into means of payment. 

Theotokt. 

No. 40 

Mr. N. Theotohy, Minister of Greece at Berlin, to His Majesty 
King Constantine, at Athens. 

(Radiotelegram) 
(Station XM to Station ATA) 

Berlin, December 16/29, 1915. 

The dispatches of Your Majesty of the 10th and 13th instant have 
been received.^ On Thursday evening I took with von Jagow the 
steps prescribed in the first dispatch, dated the 10th, and yesterday 
I renewed my representations in order to make the declaration con- 
cerning the King of Bulgaria. I have seen von Jagow again this 
evening. In the course of my two previous interviews, von Jagow 
simply took cognizance of the declarations that I made to him, reserv- 
ing to himself the right to study them ; after an understanding with 
the Chief of the General Staff he will give the reply of the Imperial 
Government. In the course of the interview of this evening the 
Minister, although declaring that he was not yet in a position to 
discuss properly the propositions formulated by Your Majesty, did 
not hide from me that after a careful study of the propositions in 
question, he was rather disconcerted by their importance and extent. 

Von Jagow made known to me that the exchange of views between 
the Imperial Government and the General Staff continues and that, 
in all probability, General Falkenhayn will arrive tomorrow in Berlin, 
which will permit von Jagow to continue with him the study of my 
demands. 

From the interviews which I have had with von Jagow and R ( f) 
I have gathered the following impressions: Our demands have been, 
so to speak, divided into three groups: The first contains those that 
can be accepted easily ; the second those which may become the object 
of discussion and which present a chance of coming to an under- 
standing with us; and lastly, the third, which contains those which 
are almost certainly incapable of realization. I have every reason to 

^ These telegrams are missing. 



59 

believe that in the last [is included our] proposition concerning 
Monastir, as it first appeared, as well as in its revised form. 

What precedes constitutes, I repeat, my first impressions which 
are not based on express declarations, inasmuch as the persons with 
whom I conversed have up to now avoided every detailed discussion 
on each of the points dealt with in the dispatch of Your Majesty, and 
have done this on the ground of the necessity of first coming to an 
understanding with the Chief of the General Staff. 

Apart from these impressions, I have had the feeling that they 
have not yet decided in an absolutely certain manner whether they 
would undertake, under these conditions, an offensive action against 
the Anglo-French. It seems that for some days the doubt has arisen 
whether it may not be better to renounce for the present any action 
against the troops of the Entente in Salonika and to limit themselves 
to a defensive action which might be made with relatively few troops 
and with insignificant sacrifices. I cannot tell whether General 
Falkenhayn, too, has felt the influence of this tendency, inasmuch as 
the data which I possess do not permit me to decide. The last time 
I saw the General, he seemed to be convinced, on the contrary, that 
German interests imposed upon him the duty of undertaking this 
action. 

Theotoky. 
No. 41 

Mr. N. Theotoky, Minister of Greece at Berlin, to His Majesty 
King Constantine, at Athens. 

(Radiotelegram) 
(Station XM to Station ATA) 

Berlin, December 19/ January 1, 1916. 

I have had the honor of receiving Your dispatch dated the day 
before yesterday.^ I saw [Mr. Zimmermann] immediately afterwards 
and Mr. Schwabach. Both assured me that they agree that the ad- 
vance of the forty millions should be made in marks. [Mr. Zimmer- 
mann] undertook to speak about it to the Minister of Finance. Mr. 
Schwabach has promised to send me on Monday a letter about this 
matter for the National Bank of Greece. 

Theotoky. 

' This dispatch is missing. 



60 



No. 42 

Mr. N. TJieotohy, Minister of Greece at Berlin, io His Majesty 
King Con^tantine, at Athens. 

(Radiotelegram) 
(Station XM to Station ATA)^ 

Berlin, December 23, 1915/ January 5, 1916. 

I have the honor to communicate to Your Majesty the text of a 
letter addressed by Mr. Bleichroeder to the National Bank of Greece 
and I [beg] Your Majesty to transmit this letter to the National Bank 
of Greece and to advise me by telegraph of its confirmation. 

Theotoky. 

text of the letter of the s. bleichrceder bank. 

Berlin, January 5, 1916. 
[To the] National Bank of Greece. 

Athens. 

I confirm by the present that I am opening for you a credit of 
forty millions of marks under the following conditions : 

You are authorized either to have a credit in my bank at your 
disposal or to draw on me by quarterly drafts, up to the full total of 
the above amount. 

For the credit at your disposal you will allow me a net six per 
cent, interest, annually; for the drafts five-eighths per cent, commis- 
sion quarterly. 

I bind myself to renew the drafts every three months, the [pay- 
ment] to be made three months after the conclusion of peace. 

You will keep 

Please confirm the above. 

Believe me, Gentlemen, 

Yours most sincerely, 

S. Bleichroeder. 



61 



No. 43 

Mr. N. Tlieotoky, Minister of Greece at Berlin, to His Majesty 
King Constantine, at Athens. 

(Eadiotelegram) 
(Station XM to Station ATA) 

Berlin, Becemher 30, 1915/ January 12, 1916. 
Von Jagow has asked me to telegraph to Your Majesty in order 
respectfully to beg You to communicate to me Your reply to the dis- 
patch of December 24/January 6 ^ because the question is most 
urgent. 

Theotoky. 
No. 44 

Mr. N. Theotoky, Minister of Greece at Berlin, to His Majesty 
King Constantine, at Athens. 

(Radiotelegram) 
(Station XM to Station ATA) 

Berlin, January 8/21, 1916. 

In reply to the telegram of Your Majesty of the ITth,^ I have the 
honor to bring to your knowledge that S. Bleichroeder has just sent 
me a second letter, also dated January 5th, containing the phrase of 
adhesion (?) as well as an additional [clause] in regard to the stamp. 

Theotoky. 

No. 45 

Mr. N. Theotoky, Minister of Greece at Berlin, to His Majesty 
King Constantine, at Athens. 

(Radiotelegram) 
(Station XM to Station ATA) 

Berlin, January 8/21, 1916. 

Supplementing my telegram of January 4/17,^ I have the honor to 
bring to the knowledge of Your Majesty that General Falkenhayn 

' This dispatch is missing. 
' This dispatch is missing. 
• This dispatch is missing. 



62 

informs me that the action against the troops of the Entente may be 
taken on the following conditions: (1) Our troops guarding the 
frontiers shall retire on the whole frontier from Lake Prespa to a 
place where the boundary touches the Mesta, northeast of Cavalla. 

(2) Our 5th Army Corps shall assemble at and around Cavalla, so 
that it shall nowhere be further than twenty kilometers from that city. 

(3) All our other troops shall retire beyond the line of Ekaterini, as 
far as to the southern shore of Lake Prespa. (4) Greece shall bind 
herself not to admit or tolerate debarkations of the Entente either in 
the Gulf of Cavalla or in the Bay of Ekaterini and, if necessary, to 
prevent them by force. (5) His Majesty, the King of the Hellenes, 
shall take the engagement toward His Majesty, the Emperor of Ger- 
many, that no public officer, soldier or inhabitant will be employed on 
the part of the Royal Government in hostile acts against the German 
troops and their allies. (6) Greece shall consent to the use of the 
[Xanthi], Drama, Serres and [Doiran] railway by Germany and 
her allies. 

The Chief of Staff begs Your Majesty to answer immediately. 

Theotoky. 

No. 46 

Mr. N. Theotoky, Minister of Greece at Berlin, to His Majesty 
King Constantine, at Atliens. 

(Radiotelegram) 
(Station XM to Station ATA) 

Berlin, January 17/30, 1916. 

I have the honor to inform you that I have communicated to 
Bleichrceder the confirmation of the National Bank of Greece. 

Theotoky. 



63 

No. 47 

Eis Majesty King Ccmstantine to Mr. N, TJieotoky, Minister 
of Greece at Berlin. 

(Radiotelegram) 
(Station ATA to Station XM) 

Athens, March 10/23, 1916. 

General Falkenhayn has made known to us the intention of the 
allied troops to occupy the Demir-Hissar pass, between Mounts Beles 
and Tsinguel, as a defensive measure in consequence of the action of 
the Anglo-French, and has asked us to evacuate this sector. We have 
replied that we were waiting for the Imperial German Government 
to give us in advance, through its Minister here, the declaration which 
[illegible words] [already] indicated. If he [illegible words] that 
the measure which they intend to take is defensive and they simul- 
taneously give us the assurance that the text of the above-mentioned 
declaration has been accepted, in order that it may be communicated 
to us in its entirety as soon as the advance on Salonika is decided upon, 
we should be disposed to accept, although we would not yet say so in 
the hope of succeeding in obtaining immediately the above-mentioned 
condition, in lack of which we shall insist on having a short declara- 
tion concerning the future of the sector which shall be occupied, and, 
generally, the integrity and independence of the Kingdom. 

I bring the above to your knowledge in order that you may be 
informed as to the disposition of the Royal Government in case 
they should take the initiative in Berlin of [illegible words] enter- 
prise.^ 

King Constantine. 

' There follows a phrase of a private nature by Mr. N. Theotoky, Master of 
Ceremonies at the Court of Queen Sophie. 



64 



No. 48 

Mr. N. Theotoky, Minister of Greece at Berlin^ to His Majesty 
King Constantine, at Athens. 

(Radiotelegram) 
(Station XM to Station ATA) 

• Berlin, March 12/25, 1916. 

For Mr. S. Skouloudis, President of the Council of Ministers, Minister 

for Foreign Affairs : 

Up to the present, no reference has been made as to the request of 
the Chief of Staff, as communicated by the dispatch of Your Excel- 
lency. They have [illegible words] to me semi-officially [illegible 
words] in a private character, that there is [illegible word] text of 
the declaration to Falkenhausen, sent from Athens, but they avoid 
expressing an opinion as to this text. 

Theotoky. 
For Mr. J. Theotoky, Master of Ceremonies at the Court of Queien 

Sophie : 

The last letter received was dated January 29. I immediately 
answered, entrusting my letter to the Vice-Consul of Germany at 
Athens, who is still at [illegible words] not being able [illegible 
words] Athens. The present situation with the telegraphic and postal 
difficulties of communication is intolerable. Write from time to time. 
I embrace you. 

Theotoky. 
No. 49 

Mr. N. Theotoky, Minister of Greece at Berlin, to His Majesty 
King Constantino, at Athens. 

(Radiotelegram) 
(Station XM to Station ATA) 

Berlin, May 5/18, 1916. 

For Mr. S. Skouloudis, President of the Council of Ministers, Minister 
for Foreign Affairs : 
In reference to my telegram of the 1/14 instant,^ I have the honor 

^ This telegram is missing. 



65 

to inform you that the Chief of the General Staff, after the receipt of 
the telegram of the Department of Foreign Affairs, transmitting my 
last communication, advised this Department today that he had tele- 
graphed to Field Marshal Mackensen to examine the situation anew 
in the most minute manner, and particularly to scrutinize closely 
the information concerning the movements of the troops of the 
Entente, upon which the demand for the occupation of the passes in 
question is based. 

Theotoky. 



No. 50 

His Majesty King Constdntine to Mr. N. Theotoky, Minister 
cf Greece at Berlin. 

(Radiotelegram) 
(Station ATA to Station XM) 

Athens, May 13/26, 1916. 
(Transmitted May 14/27, 1916.) 

Dispatch of Mr. S. Skouloudis, President of the Ministerial Council, 

Minister for Foreign Affairs : 

I have received your dispatch dated yesterday.^ Count von Mir- 
bach, in the name of Germany and her allies, has handed to me a 
letter containing very nearly the assurances which were demanded. 
I replied that I had taken note of these and begged the Minister 
kindly to thank the Imperial Government in my name. A little later 
the Minister of Bulgaria, in the name of his Government, handed me 
an identical letter of which I also took note. I am awaiting the return 
of His Majesty, the King, from Thessaly in order to bring the matter 
to his knowledge. 

Skouloudis. 

P.S. of Mr. J. Theotoky, Master of Ceremonies at the Court of Queen 

Sophie: 

His Majesty the King has returned from his trip which was a real 
apotheosis. He begs you to find out what has become of the repro- 

' This telegram is missing. 



66 

ductions of his picture of Lasloo.^ Pantazopoulos arrived today. 
Many thanks. Psychas will be replaced by [Rangabe]. Theotoky. 

King Constantine. 

No. 51 

Her Majesty Queen Sophie to Mr. N. Theotoky, Minister of 
Greece at Berlin. 

(Eadiotelegram) 
(Station ATA to Station XM) 

Athens, June 12/25, 1916. 

Please send the following telegrams, first translating them into 
German : 
To His Majesty the Emperor : 

I am in despair. I hope that your advice may still help to amelio- 
rate the situation. I embrace you affectionately. 

Sophie. 
To Her Royal Highness Princess M ( ?) : 

I am very much upset. We hope for an amelioration of the situa- 
tion. Terribly hot. Am feeling pretty well. 

Sophie. 

No. 52 

Mr. N. Theotoky, Mirmter of Greece at Berlin, to His Majesty 
King Constantine, at Athens. 

(Radiotelegram) 
(Station XM to Station ATA) 

Berlin, June 13/26, 1916. 

The recent events in our country have made a deep impression 
here. The prevailing opinion is that we could not have done other- 
wise than give way, although people here seem to think that [illegible 
words] we could perhaps have given way conditionally; that is, that 
this situation ought not to have been brought about until after the 
evacuation of our territory by the troops of the Entente, in view of 

* There follows a remark of a private nature. 



67 

the fact that as things are now the Parliamentary elections will take 
place under the pressure and the influence of the Anglo-French bayo- 
nets. The above are only academic considerations, granted that one 
has a complete understanding of the position of Your Majesty and 
does not, in any way, wish to render it more difficult, either by advice 
or by any pretentions whatsoever. There is reason to think that 
people here will accommodate themselves to the new condition of 
things, although there are serious fears that the pressure of the 
Entente will not stop and that it will continue to be exercised upon 
us with the connivance of Mr. Venizelos so as to arrive, by resorting, 
if necessary, to extreme internal upheavals, at the well-known objects. 
What preoccupies them seriously is the idea that Mr. Venizelos, sup- 
ported by the Entente, may come out victorious at the elections, and 
this might lead to very painful consequences both from the internal 
and external points of view. They regret very much the departure of 
Mr. Skouloudis, who had won their confidence and esteem. 

Theotoky. 

For Mr. Skouloudis : 

I beg Your Excellency to permit me to present to you my senti- 
ments of profound gratitude for the kindness which you manifested 
to me during your Ministry and to accept, with my sincere regret for 
your retirement, my very best wishes. All here regret the fact. 

Theotoky. 

For jMr. Theotoky, Master of Ceremonies at the Court of Queen 

Sophie : 

In regard to Corfu, I think that the best thing is to let them do 
as they please. I am very pessimistic for the future, and I fear that 
they have it as their ultimate aim to compel the King and the dynasty 
to withdraw. God help us! I embrace you. 

Theotoky. 



68 



No. 53 

Mr. TJi. Ypsilanti, ist Equerry of the King, to Mr. TJieotoky, 
Minister of Greece at Berlin. 

(Radiotelegram) 
(Station ATA to Station XM) 

Athens, June 16/29, 1916. 

Please telegraph to Emmanuel Ypsilanti, at Rapoltenkirehen, 
Pressbaum, Lower Austria, asking him whether he intends to be a 
candidate at Jannina and when he will arrive at Athens. Explain 
to him that it is absolutely necessary that he should become a candi- 
date. Please answer by return. Best [greetings]. 

Ypsilanti.^ 

No. 54 

Mr. N. TJieotoky, Minister of Greece at Berlin, to His Majesty 
King Constantine, at Athens. 

(Eadiotelegram) 
(Station XM to Station ATA) 

Berlin, July 6/19, 1916. 

The Chancellor of the Empire begged me to go and see him. He 
asked me to express to Your Majesty how deeply concerned he was 
to learn of the fire at Tatoi and also his joy that Your Majesties 
and the Royal Family are safe and sound. 

Your Majesty will see in my telegram to the Minister of Foreign 
Affairs No. 1989,^ the exact text of the official part of this interview. 
I will therefore limit myself in the present dispatch to developing the 
confidential part of our conversation. 

The Chancellor having spoken to me of the trip of Prince Nicholas 
to Russia, I thought it proper to define the significance of this mission. 
I [illegible words] him that the journeys of Prince Nicholas and 
Prince Andrew to Petrograd and London had not a political but only 

^ A postscript by Mr. J. Theotoky follows treating of some matters of a 
private nature. 

^ This telegram never reached the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 



69 

a djmastic character. The Princes were to explain to the Sovereigns 
of Russia and England the policy of Your Majesty and make them 
understand that the policy followed by their Governments in Greece 
only undermined the throne, without [having] any practical utility. 
I insisted that the mission of their Royal Highnesses was exactly pre- 
scribed and did not in any way concern the political orientation that 
Your Majesty has followed and that it had particularly in view the 
strengthening of the bonds existing between Your Royal House and 
the Courts of Petrograd and London, bonds which had recently be- 
come much relaxed. I concluded by expressing the hope that His 
Majesty the Emperor and the Imperial Government would understand 
the necessity of these steps and that the declarations which I had just 
made to His Excellency would be received in the same spirit of 
frankness and loyalty which had prompted them. 

To my great satisfaction von Bethmann-Hollweg replied to me that 
he perfectly understood the necessities which dictated these steps and 
expressed the hope that they would be crowned with success. At the 
same time he thanked me for the frank and loyal declarations which 
I had made to him. 

The Chancellor begged me to call upon von Jagow, who leaves 
today for General Headquarters, and to repeat what I had just told 
him, in order that the Minister might communicate these declarations 
to His Majesty the Emperor. Von Jagow received my declarations 
in the same way, promising me that he would faithfully transmit them 
to His Majesty the Emperor. 

From the numerous questions which were put to me by the Chan- 
cellor about the arrangements for the trip of Prince Nicholas and the 
possibility of His Royal Highness's stopping at Berlin on his return 
from Petrograd, I have derived the impression that the Chancellor 
would like to see His Highness during his passage through Berlin. If 
Your Majesty thinks that there will not be anything out of the way 
in this I beg You to be so good as to give me Your orders which I 
will communicate to the Prince on his arrival here. I may add that, 
in case of necessity, all necessary measures can be taken so that the 
interview may remain secret. 

Theotoky. 



70 



No. 55 

His Majesty King Constantine to Mr. N. Tkeotoky, Minister 
of Greece at Berlin. 

(Radiotelegram) 
(Station ATA to Station XM) 

Athens, Augitst 2/15, 1916. 

I have been informed by the German military attache very confi- 
dentially and without further details that the Germans are getting 
together two armies against Rumania under the command of Maeken- 
sen. Can you learn the reason? Is it a sign that they have decided 
to act against Rumania in order to prevent a possible attack if she does 
not disarm ? 

King Constantine. 

P.S. of Mr. J. Theotoky, Master of Ceremonies at the Court of Queen 

Sophie : 

Do not send dispatches in the name of His Majesty the King but 
put as address only two Ws. Affectionately. 

Theotoky. 

No. 56 

Mr. N. Theotoky, Minister of Greece at Berlin, to [His Majesty 
King Constantine], at Athens. 

(Radiotelegram) 
(Station XM to Station ATA) 

Berlin, August 3/16, 1916. 

I have the honor to inform you, in reply to your telegram dated 
yesterday,^ that according to positive information there is no intention, 
for the present, of taking the initiative in attacking Rumania; the 
concentration of troops opposite Rumania is made for the purpose of 
intimidating her. It has, however, been decided to attack her if she 
takes any aggressive measures against Austria, but there is no reason 
to believe that she will do so. 

* See document No. 55. 



71 

On the contrary, the army under Maekensen will at once under- 
take an offensive against the army of the Entente in Macedonia as 
a reprisal to the action of that army against the Bulgarian front. I 
do not know whether this action will be definite and rapid. I suppose 
that it will rather be only partial. Von Bethmann Hollweg has today 
telegraphed to Count von Mirbach to communicate to [illegible words] 
this intention of the German Supreme Command, repeating to him the 
assurance that the guarantees and assurances given [illegible words] 
are maintained in their integrity.^ 

No. 57 

Mr. N. Theotoky, Minister of Greece at Berlin, to His Majesty 
King Constantine, at Athens. 

(Radiotelegram) 
(Station XM to Station ATA) 

Berlin, August 5/18, 1916. 

Von Jagow has informed me confidentially and for the personal in- 
formation of Your Majesty that the concentration of troops against 
Rumania is intended chiefly to intimidate her. Germany and her allies 
have decided not to take the initiative in attacking her. If Rumania 
permits the passqjge of Russian troops through her territory, or if she 
makes the slightest gesture against Austria or Bulgaria, then they 
will attack her immediately. Von Jagow continues to believe that 

Rumania has been joking and that she will not do ^ 

Theotoky. 

No. 58 

Mr. J. Theotoky, Master of Ceremonies at the Court of Queen Sophie, 
to Mr. N. Theotoky, Minister of Greece at Berlin. 

(Radiotelegram) 
(Station ATA to Station XM) 

Athens, August 9/22, 1916. 

Uncle Michael has been attacked by typhoid fever ; his condition is 
serious. Thursday I leave for Corfu. I will try to keep you advised 

' Some statements of a personal nature here follow. 
* The end of the dispatch is missing. 



72 

by way of Athens. In case of misfortune what are we going to do as 
to the election at Corfu ? ^ 

Yesterday and the day before yesterday, apart from your three 
dispatches for His Majesty the King, we received three other radio- 
telegrams with a W preceded by a number, as address. Some of them 
are illegible. Are these telegrams sent by you or not? Change the 
address by putting three A's. 

Theotoky. 

No. 59 
The Minister of Foreign Affairs to the Royal Legation at Rome. 

(Telegram) 

Athens, November 1/14, 1916. 

Please send by mail the following dispatch to our Minister Resident 
at Berne, in order that it may be telegraphed to Mr. Theotoky. 

Zalocostas. 

Dispatch of Mr. G. ChristaM-Zographos, Associate-Governor of the 
National Bank of Greece, to Mr. N. Theotoky, Minister of Greece 
at Berlin. 

Please transmit to the Bleichrceder Bank the following dispatch of 
the National Bank of Greece: "I have received your letter of July 18. 
I beg you, debiting our account, to place at our disposal at the best 
rates the equivalent of ten million marks, in dollars, in a first-class 
Bank of your choice in New York, indicating to us the name of the 
Bank through the Legation as intermediary." 

ZOGRAPHOS. 

P.S. of Mr. J. Theotoky, Master of Ceremonies at the Court of Queen 

Sophie : 

We are all three well. We do not write to you fearing the seizure 
of our letters. Yours devotedly. 

Theotoky. 

* There follow some phrases of a personal nature. 



73 



No. 60 

Mr. J. Theotoky, Master of Ceremonies at the Court of Queen Sophie, 
to Mr. N. Theotoky, Minister of Greece at Berlin. 

(Radiotelegram) 
(Station ATA to Station XM) 

Athens, November 21/Decem'ber 4, 1916. 

The dispatches which will follow will be sent to you without ad- 
dress with two R's and you will send us the replies with two Z's. 
The last part of the dispatch of yesterday ^ is for the Military 
Attache of Sofia and not of Constantinople. Find out where the Ger- 
man Military Attache of Athens is. "We are all well. 

Theotoky. 

No. 61 
Mr. N. Theotoky, Minister of Greece at Berlin, to Z. (Z.) ^ at Athens. 

(Radiotelegram) 
(Station ... to Station ...) 

Berlin, November 23/Decemher 6, 1916. 
For Her Majesty the Queen : 

The German Military Attache returned yesterday evening from 
the headquarters where he saw the Emperor and explained to him the 
situation ; he carried away from the interview veiy good impressions. 
He will leave in ten days for western Macedonia, near Lake Prespa, 
in order to be able to reestablish communication. It is necessary to 
advise Metaxas and Manos to develop, as soon as possible, the question 
of the bands. Falkenhausen has been assured of aid and support in 
this matter on the part of the Grand General Staff. Falkenhausen 
is going tomorrow to C ( ?). 

Theotoky. 

For Mr. Sp. Lambros, 

President of the Council of Ministers: 

Your telegram has been received and communicated to Vienna, Con- 

' This dispatch is missing. 
' See radiotelegram No. 60. 



74 

stantinople and Sofia, [Mr. Zimmermann] is much pleased with the 

turn which events are taking in our country. He thinks that the 

safety of Greece and of the dynasty rests at present where 

[illegible words] gained the first rubber, in firmness on our part. 

Any concession of ours at this time will encourage the Entente 

to increase its claims and demands. 

Theotoky. 

For Mr. J. Theotoky, 

Master of Ceremonies at the Court of Queen Sophie : 

Your letter has been received. Please reply by telegraph if the 

news that Dousmanis and Metaxas have been reinstated is exact. The 

advance, for the reasons which have been explained, cannot be paid 

to a neutral bank. Greetings to all three. 

Theotoky. 

No. 62 

Mr. J. TJieotoky, Master of Ceremonies at the Court of Queen Sophie, 
to Mr. N. Theotoky, Minister of Greece at Berlin. 

(Radiotelegram) 
(Station ATA to Station XM) 

Athens, Novemher 23/December 6, 1916. 

Your dispatch of yesterday has been received.^ Her Majesty the 
Queen begs you to translate into German the following telegram and 
to communicate it to His Majesty the Emperor, to [the Princess M 
( ?) ] and to Falkenhausen : 

"By a miracle we are safe after a three-hours' bombardment of 
the Palace by the French fleet, which fired without warning. The 
shells exploded very near us. We took refuge in the cellars. Serious 
engagements also took place next day in the streets; the revolutionaries 
fired from the houses. The army and the people fought in a magnifi- 
cent manner [on the previous day] and behaved loyally. The page 
has been turned. It was a great victory against four Great Powers, 
whose troops fled before the Greeks and who later retreated under the 
escort of Greek troops. The Mayor has been imprisoned. Many 
arrests have been made. The panic has subsided. The garrison has 

* See document No. 61. 



75 

been reinforced to ten regiments. Great excitement! What will the 
demands of the Entente be ? The health of all is good ; great nervous 
tension. "VVe are prepared for everything. We are informed that the 
note has arrived and that they will demand the reestablishment of the 
control and the free passage of the Allied troops. Please inform us 
when the army in Macedonia will be sufficiently reinforced in order 
to undertake the definite offensive. Many greetings. 1 think of you. ' ' 

Sophie. 
Tell Falkenhausen that as the control has been got rid of he can 
communicate through you with us. Before his departure for Mace- 
donia, let him tell us his whereabouts. As for Dousmanis and Metaxas, 
the news is inexact. If the situation demands it, they will be restored. 

Theotoky. 

No. 63 

Mr. N. Theotoky, Minister of Greece at Berlin, to Mr. J. Theotoky, 
Master of Ceremonies at the Court of Queen Sophie, at Athens. 

(Radiotelegram) 
(Station XM to Station ATA) 

• Berlin, November 24/Decem'ber 7, 1916. 

Yesterday 'g dispatch * has been received and communicated. 
For His Majesty the King: 

Field Marshal Hindenburg begs me to telegraph to Your Majesty 
as follows: "According to positive information, the Entente expects 
[illegible words] in order that [illegible words] transports to Itea, in 
order to [illegible words] afterwards the Larissa railway." 

Theotoky. 

' See document No. 62. 



76 



No. 64 

The Minister of Foreign Affairs to the Royal Legation 
of Greece at Rome. 

(Telegram) 

Athens, November 30/Decemher 13, 1916. 

Please transmit by mail the following dispatch to our Minister at 
Berne. 

Zalocostas. 

His Majesty King Constantine to Mr. N. Theotoky, Minister 
of Greece at Berlin. 

According to reliable information, the Entente will present to us 
an ultimatum within two days by which it will demand the partial 
evacuation of Thessaly by our troops and apologies. 

Constantine. 
P.S. of Mr. J. Theotoky, 

Master of Ceremonies at the Court of Queen Sophie : 
We can receive, not send, radiotelegrams. Therefore, make use of 
them. 

Theotoky. 

No. 65 
The Minister of Foreign Affai/rs to the Royal Legation at Rome. 

(Telegram) 

Athens, December 2/15, 1916. 

Please transmit by mail the following dispatch to our Minister at 
Berne : 

"Please have following dispatch sent to the Minister of the King 
at Berlin." 

Zalocostas. 

To Mr. N. Theotoky, Minister of Greece at Berlin : 

The dispatch to Her Majesty the Queen is illegible. Please repeat 
it by wireless. It is unnecessary to sign your dispatches. 



77 



No. 66 

Dispatch of His Majesty Emperor William to Her Majesty 
Queen Sophie, at Athens. 

(Radiotelegram) 
(Station OSM to Station ATA) 

Berlin, December 3/16, 1916. 

I am deeply grateful to you for your dispatch, which I have read 
with profound emotion. I have seen the dangers through which you; 
and Tino have passed and I admire the courage with which you have 
resisted during these difficult moments. I have also noticed with 
pleasure the loyal attitude of the army and navy and their fidelity 
to their Royal Family. God grant that at last you may be delivered 
from your horrible situation. 

The Entente has again clearly shown what its aim is. There is 
therefore, naturally, no other course open to Tino but to revolt openly 
against his executioners. The intervention of Tino with his principal 
forces operating against the west wing of Sarrail will bring the de- 
cision in Macedonia. [Illegible words.] The operations in Rumania 
have been crowned with the capture of Bucharest. Much has thereby 
been gained. Up to the present God has helped. He will also be with 
you in the future and will help you too. Hearty greeting and best 
wishes. I am thinking constantly of you and Tino. 

William. 

P.S. of Mr. N. Theotoky, Minister of Greece at Berlin for M. ( ?) : 
Falkenhausen was here on the 7th. The letter has been received. 

Heartiest thanks. It is a great comfort. All are well. 

For Mr. J. Theotoky, 

Master of Ceremonies at the Court of Queen Sophie: 

I have received no news since the 7th. What does it mean? Please 

reply by telegram. 

Theotoky. 



78 



No. 67 

The Minister for Foreign Affairs to tJie Royal Legation at Rome. 

(Telegram) 

Athens, Deceniber 4/17, 1916. 

Please send to Berne by mail the following telegram for Mr. 
Theotoky. 

Zalocostas, 

Telegram of Mr. J. Theotoky, Master of Ceremonies at the Court of 
Queen Sophie, to Mr. N. Theotoky, Minister of Greece in Berlin. 

Tell Falkenhausen to proceed to Pogradez in order to give the 
necessary impetus to the question of the bands and please send word 
at once by telegram of the date of his arrival there. Caravitis will 
receive instructions; he will go to Falkenhausen in order to come to 
an understanding as to the operations. It will be necessary to have, 
to begin with, five thousand rifles and three hundred cartridges for 
each rifle, six machine-guns and [eleven] mountain guns with am- 
munition, and 500 thousand francs a month for five thousand men. 
All this ought to be available at Pogradez, as well as provisions. An 
action by regular forces in the district of Korytza would give strong 
support to the development of the bands. 

I have not written to you because, upon the seizure of our letters 
by the English, I ceased to write. All well. Yours, 

Theotoky. 

No. 68 

The Minister of Foreign Affairs to the Royal Legation of Greece at 
Rome and to the Minister Resident of Greece at Berne. 

(Telegram) 

Athens, December 7/20, 1916. 

Please transmit at once the following telegram to the Royal Lega- 
tion at Berlin, notifying us of its receipt. 

Zalocostas. 



79 

Dispatch of Mr. J. Theotoky, Master of Ceremonies at the Court of 
Queen Sophie, to Mr. N. Theotoky, Minister of Greece at Berlin. 

The wireless station of Sofia called Athens towards midnight of the 
18th-19th of December. Athens, for well-known reasons, cannot reply. 
Therefore please order Sofia to send dispatches without awaiting a 
notification from the station at Athens, which is always prepared to 
receive messages. 

Inform the Commander of the Macedonian front that we can estab- 
lish in the district farthest north in Thessaly a wireless station, which 
will only operate in case of necessity. The radius of its action is 200 
kilometers. Its initials are R. S. P. Let the Commander inform us 
whether there is a station within this radius of action and what are 
its initials as well as other technical points. 

Theotoky. 

No. 69 
Mr. N. Theotoky, Minister of Greece at Berlin, to Z. Z.^ at Athens. 

(Radiotelegram) 
(Station OSM to ATA) 

Berlin, December 10/23, 1916. 

Repetition of the dispatch of the fifteenth.- 
For Her Majesty the Queen : 

"Falkenhausen is still in Berlin ; he is awaiting the decisions which 
shall be taken at Athens. In case of neutrality he will proceed to 
Pogradez; in case of rupture with the Entente, by aeroplane to 
Larissa. In aoy case, it is of the utmost importance to develop at once 
the question of the bands of Caravitis as well as the questions thereto 
related. Please inform us immediately what is the aid in munitions, 
money and provisions that You desire. The object of Caravitis should 
be to cut the Monastir-Salonika railway and to harass Sarrail's rear. 
One should not lose sight of the fact that even this unofficial action 
by bands will powerfully help Greece, during the peace negotiations, 
to advance territorial claims. These claims, naturally, could be more 
considerable in case of action than in case of simple neutrality. 

' See radiotelcfjram No fiO. 

'This dispatch, which is miasing, must, nevertheless, have reached its 
destination, for a reply was sent on the 4/17 of December. See telegram No. 67. 



80 

Falkenhausen is awaiting instructions according to which he will act 

immediately. Please answer at once." 

P.S. of Mr. N. Theotoky for the National Bank of Greece : 

Mr. Bleichrceder informs me that much to his regret and notwith- 
standing all his efforts, it has not been possible, for technical reasons, 
to have the National Bank credited at a New York bank with counter- 
value for the ten million marks, exchange being too much restricted.^ 

Theotoky. 

No. 70 

The Minister of Foreign Affairs to tJie Minister Resident 
of Greece at Berne. 

(Telegram) 

Athens, December 10/23, 1916. 

Please transmit to the Minister of the King at Berlin the following 
dispatch, begging him to acknowledge receipt of it. 

Zalocostas. 

Dispatcli of Mr. J. Theotoky, Master of Ceremonies at the Court of 
Queen Sophie, to Mr. N. Theotoky, Minister of Greece at Berlin. 

Your dispatches have been received including the last one which 
speaks of peace.^ The dispatch of Her Majesty the Queen, in reply 
to the dispatch of the Emperor, was sent to you via Rome on the 18th.^ 

We are expecting a new note from the Entente. The external sit- 
uation is indefinite. 

Please reply by telegraph in regard to the declarations of Mr. (von 
Bethmann-Hollweg) on Greece. 

In order that we may understand each other as to the dispatches 
sent, the last group will be the number of the dispatch. 

Wishing you a Merry Christmas and hoping that the New Year 
will be happier. 

Theotoky, No. 300. 

* See telegram No. 59. 

' This dispatch is missing. 

* See repetition of this dispatch in No. 71. 



81 



No. 71 

The Minister for Foreign Affairs to the Minister Resident of 
Greece at Berne. 

(Telegram) 

Athens, December 13/26, 1916. 

Please transmit to the Minister at Berlin the following dispatch 
and beg him to acknowledge receipt of it. 

Zalocostas. 

Dispatch of Mr. J. Theotoky, Master of Ceremonies at the Court of 
Queen Sophie, to Mr. N. Theotoky, Minister of Greece at Berlin. 

Dispatch 190 has been received. Repetition of the dispatch of the 
18th follows: 

"Please communicate the following telegram of Her Majesty the 
Queen, after translating it into German, to His Majesty the Emperor 
and make it also known to [Princess M ( ?) ] and to Falkenhausen : 

"I seize today, with warm devotion to you, the opportunity to send 
you my very best Christmas and New Year greetings from a far dis- 
tant and isolated land. Hearty thanks for your long and comforting 
telegram. 

"The situation is not as yet cleared and there is continual tension 
and excitement. The Allies continually support the insurgents and 
urge them to take possession of parts of the Kingdom which, owing 
to their proximity to the sea, cannot be defended by us; thus they 
have occupied by force the Cyclades. Further, by a strict blockade, 
they are trying to rouse the people against us and to convince them 
that the evils of a war against the Central Empires would be less hard 
than the empire of violence, of hunger and of terror that the Allies 
and the insurgents are imposing upon them. The issue that you advise 
would be the only one possible if Sarrail, attacked by you, should be 
obliged to retreat, in which case his left wing would penetrate close 
to the parts of Greece occupied by us. As things are now, since the 
distance separating this wing from us is very great, the line of our 
communications would be too much exposed and our stocks of food and 
munitions would not be sufficient for the long struggle. Under these 
circumstances, a decisive and prompt attack [on your] part, if it is 



82 

possible, would give to Greece, militarily, the opportunity to intervene 
and would mean for us the deliverance from the horrible situation in 
which we are. 

"A thousand greetings. Affectionately, 



P.S. of Mr. J. Theotoky for Mr. N. Theotoky : 
We all send hearty good wishes for your fete. 



Sophie. ' ' 



Theotoky. 



No. 72 
Mr. N. Theotoky, Minister of Greece at Berlin, to Z. (Z.)^ at Athens. 

(Radiotelegram) 
(Station XM to Station ATA) 

Berlin, December 13/26, 1916. 

Dispatch of First Quartermaster General Ludendorff to His Majesty 
King Constantine: 

"Since the [illegible words] of the proposition of peace, our situa- 
tion in Rumania has been further improved. Although we are ready 
to enter into peace parleys, we are continuing the war with all our 

means. ' ' „ 

Theotoky. 

No. 73 

The Minister for Foreign Affairs to the Minister Resident 
of Greece at Berne. 

(Telegram) 

Athens, December 18/31, 1916. 

Please transmit the following telegram under No. 556 (?) to the 
Minister of the King at Berlin, begging him to acknowledge receipt 
of it. 

Zalocostas. 

Telegram of Mr. J. Theotoky, Master of Ceremonies at the Court of 
Queen Sophie, to Mr. N. Theotoky, Minister of Greece at Berlin. 

The blockade continues. We have bread enough to last until the 
end of the month of December. 
* See radiotelegram No. 60. 



The note of the Entente was presented to us today. It includes : 
(1) Withdrawal of the troops from Thessaly and the Island of Euboea, 
leaving troops necessary for the maintenance of order. (2) The troops 
in Thessaly and Continental Greece must be left without artillery and 
machine-guns. (3) Reestablishment of the control; modification in 
particular of the control over the movements of troops. (4) Sur- 
render to the Entente of the arrested Venizelists. (5) Apology on the 
part of the Eoyal Government and replacement of the General Com- 
manding the First Army Corps. 

It is absolutely necessary that we should know whether or not the 
offensive action on the Macedonian front will begin, and when, in 
order that we may arrange our plans accordingly. 

Please answer by telegraph whether you have received telegram 18 
of Her Majesty the Queen.^ The telegram of the [First] Quarter- 
master General [Ludendorff J has been received.^ 

Theotoky, No. 301. 



No. 74 

The Minister for Foreign Affairs to the Minister Resident 
of Greece at Berne. 

(Telegram) 

Athens, December 19/ January 1, 1917. 

Please transmit the following telegram under No. 663 ( ?) to the 
Minister at Berlin, acknowledging receipt of it. 

Zalocostas. 

Dispatch of their Majesties King Constantine and Queen Sophie 
to His Majesty Emperor William. 

We extend our warmest wishes for the Year Year. May God give 
new victories and peace. 

The situation is very serious ; there is bread for only fourteen days. 
The note is impertinent; they wish to starve us to death and by con- 
tinuing the blockade to impose their demands. Without food-supplies 
the situation is desperate. 



' Sec repetition of this telegram in No. 71. 
' See radiotelegram No. 72. 



84 

We congratulate you for the magnificent victories in Rumania and 
affectionately greet you. 

TiNO, 

Sophie. 
P.S. for Mr. N. Theotoky, Minister of Greece at Berlin : 

Please communicate this dispatch also to Princess M. ( ?) and to 
Falkenhausen and tell him that we have sent the courier by land and 
are awaiting reply. No. [302]. 

No. 75 

The Minister for Foreign Affairs to the Minister Resident 
of Greece at Berne. 

(Telegram) 

Athens, December 20, 1916/Janua/ry 2, 1917. 

Please transmit the following telegram under No. 5391 to the 
Minister at Berlin, acknowledging receipt of it. 

Zalocostas. 

Telegram of Her Majesty Queen Sophie to Mr. N. Theotoky, 
Minister of Greece at Berlin. 
For Falkenhausen: 

Owing to the continuation of the blockade we have bread for only 
a few days; other food-supplies too are diminishing. War against the 
Entente is therefore now out of the question. Negotiations as to the 
note are under way. I consider the game as lost, if the attack does 
not take place immediately ; it will be too late afterwards. 

Sophie, No, 303. 



85 



No. 76 

The Minister for Foreign Affairs to the Minister Resident 
of Greece at Berne. 

(Telegram) 

Athens, December 24, 1916/ January 6, 1917. 

Please transmit to the Minister at Berlin the following dispatch. 

Zalocostas. 

Dispatch of His Majesty King Constantine to Mr. N. Theotoky, 
Minister of Greece at Berlin. 

Please communicate to Field Marshal von Hindenburg that his 
request of December 8 for information on the military situation was 
received by courier only on the 4th of January. 

The military situation of Greece is weakened on account of the 
well-known facts and the prolongation of the agonizing situation in 
which we have been held for more than a year [by] the successive 
demands and pressure of the Entente, against which the State and 
the people have been obliged [illegible words] opposing a desperate 
resistance with incalculable losses. In any case, the occupation by 
foreign armies of Macedonia and of nearly all the islands has resulted 
in a great decrease of the military forces. Recently Greece [illegible 
words] of an ultimatum and a strict blockade, which, notwithstanding 
the admirable moral and material resistance of the people, has com- 
menced to have a grievous influence, for deaths from starvation have 
already taken place in certain places. 

Greece, being isolated under this pressure of the Entente and 
[illegible words] allies, has been unavoidably compelled to transport 
a great part of her army to the Peloponnesus. The forces which are 
now in Continental Greece may, if mobilized, amount to four divisions 
of three regiments each, with one independent brigade in Eastern 
Greece, and approximately two divisions in Epirus; but these latter 
with insignificant forces of artillery. Of tht four divisions of Eastern 
Greece two at least are necessary for the defense of the capital and 
the eastern coasts with its one railway, and nearly two and a half, 
without artillery, may be available to act in Thessaly and in Western 
Macedonia. The transportation of the two divisions through Epirus 
to Eastern Greece is very difficult. Moreover, it must be taken into 



86 

account that because of the blockade there exist very scanty stores of 
food-supplies and that there is a total lack of gasoline and a minimum 
of coal. 

One must also take into serious consideration that with things as 
they are now, it is probable that the declaration of war will come 
before the mobilization, and that probably the Entente desires to push 
Greece to an immediate war in order to crush her before the German 
occupation begins. Already Greece is confronted by a new note of 
the Entente which demands her complete disarmament and the trans- 
portation of all the artillery and of all mobilization material to the 
Peloponnesus, and this note is enforced by the continuation of the 
blockade. The Royal Government and the people resist with firmness, 
enduring all the privations, but the situation is getting worse from 
day to day. 

It is desirable that we should be informed at once whether a 
German attack on the Macedonian front is in prospect and when it 
will probably begin. 

King Constantine. 
P.S. of Mr. J. Theotoky, Master of Ceremonies at the Court of Queen 

Sophie: 

A wireless station with initials RSP, radius 200 kilometers, has 
been established near Kalabaka in Thessaly. Please acknowledge 
receipt of the present telegram, as well as of the dispatches Nos. 301, 
302, 303, 304, 305,^ forwarded by way of Berne. 

Please thank for Her Majesty the Queen [von Bethmann-Hollweg]. 

Theotoky. 

Where is Falkenhausen ? We have not yet received news from 
him. No. 306. 

' See the first three of these dispatches under Nos. 73, 74 and 75. The two 
others are missing. 



87 



No. 77 

The Minister for Foreign Affairs to tJie Minister Resident 
of Greece at Berne. 

(Telegram) 

Athens, December 27 /January 9, 1917. 

Please transmit this telegram to the Minister at Berlin, acknowl- 
edging receipt of it. 

Zalocostas. 

Telegram of Her Majesty Queen Sophie to His Majesty 
Emperor William. 

I thank you heartily for your telegram, but lacking sufficient 
food-supplies for the duration of such an enterprise, as well as muni- 
tions and many other things, we are unfortunately compelled to ab- 
stain from such an offensive. You can realize my situation! How 
much I suffer ! I thank you from my heart for your loving words, for 
the [illegible words] of the abominable circumstances. May the in- 
famous pigs receive the punishment which they deserve! I embrace 
you affectionately. Your isolated and afflicted sister, who hopes for 
better times. 

Sophie. 
P.S. of Mr. J. Theotoky, Master of Ceremonies at the Court of Queen 

Sophie, to Mr. N. Theotoky, Minister of Greece at Berlin : 

Yesterday evening, Monday, an ultimatum [with] a forty-eight 
[hour] limit was presented to us. It demands the acceptance of the 
note of December Slst. Guarantees are given that the extension of the 
revolutionary movement will not be permitted. In view of the mili- 
tary situation and your last dispatch as to the reply of Field Marshal 
von Hindenburg, and after meetings of the Ministerial and Crown 
Council, it was decided that the ultimatum would be accepted in 
principle. May God preserve us, after this acceptance, against new 
demands and may He preserve the King and the Country. 

Theotoky. 

Have you received dispatch No. 322 (?)? Number of the 
present: 308. 



88 

No. 78 

Mr. N. TJieotoky, Minister of Greece at Berlin, to Z. (Z.)'^ at Athens. 

(Radiotelegram) 
(Station XM to Station ATA) 

Berlin, December 27, 1916/ January 9, 1917. 

(1) A station at Prilep with initials WF, or LR, or MV, radius 
of action 700 (in case of necessity one thousand), will from the first 
of January be at the disposal of our station RSP,^ every day, from 

6 to 7 o'clock A.M., East Europe Time. As soon as RSP opens com- 
munication, Prilep will also be ready to receive, between 2 to 3 and 

7 to 8 o'clock P.M. 

(2) In order to hide the sendings from Nauen (initials POZ), 
Sofia (FF, and not any longer XM), and Constantinople (OSM) 
for Athens from tomorrow, December 28, the calls which are meant 
for Athens will be addressed from POZ to OSM, from FF to 
OSM (from OSM) to FF. The stations called will respond, this 
being done in order to dupe. Athens should always listen in and 
record. 

(3) The German War Department may send by aeroplane the 
material and the personnel for a wireless station, of rather large 
radius, to Northern Thessaly. Please telegraph immediately if this 
dispatch of such material, etc., is desirable. 

(4) Falkenhausen will be at Prespa on the 29th, 

(5) Please acknowledge receipt of present. 

Theotokt, No. 192. 

* See radiotelegram No. 60. 

' See radiotelegram 8 Nos. 68 and 76. 



89 



No. 79 

TTie Mirdster of Foreign Affairs to the Minister Resident 
of Greece at Berne. 

(Telegram) 

Athens, December 28, 1916/ January 10, 1917. 

Please transmit the following dispatch to our Minister at Berlin 
and beg him to acknowledge receipt of same. 

Zalocostas. 

Dispatch of Mr. J. Theotoky, Master of Ceremonies at tJie Court of 
Queen Sophie, to Mr. N. Theotoky, Minister of Greece at Berlin. 

Please communicate the following dispatch of Her Majesty the 
Queen to His Majesty the Emperor and also make contents known to 
Princess M. (?) and to Falkenhausen : (?) 

"I am grateful and happy for having at least spoken today by 
telephone with Falkenhausen at Larissa and also for having heard 
directly from you. 

"I am [illegible words] that the ultimatum was accepted, but, 
unfortunately, we were obliged to accept, although we desired war on 
the side of Germany both on account of the political advantages and on 
account of our need to get rid of our infuriated enemies and also in 
order to respond to the sympathy which has been already shown by 
the Hellenic people for the German cause. But the want of food- 
supplies, and of munitions sufficient for the duration of the cam- 
paign and particularly the want of heavy artillery in order to [il- 
legible words] the fortified and prepared positions of our enemies in 
the narrow passes to the north of Thessaly and [the menace] that 
might come at any moment to the capital and to our only way of 
communication through the English forces reported at Malta as ready 
for the expedition against Greece, compelled us, with great regret, to 
renounce this project. 

"I hope that you will not lose sight of the fact that Greece, in 
pursuit of our plans, if united by railway, could, on account of her 
geographical position, become a useful and precious aid to our be- 
loved Fatherland. Among the people we shall always continue to 
work in favor of Germany against our enemies ; you can be positively 
sure of this and I am proud that the indescribable sufferings and 



90 

anxieties which we have undergone and continue to undergo for the 
maintenance of neutrality have enabled us to render important serv- 
ices. Affectionately. 

Sophie." 
P.S. for Mr. N. Theotoky: 

"It is important that you, too, [illegible words] should use your 
influence with Zimmermann, along the lines suggested by this dispatch, 
for the sake of our relations during and after the war, 

Sophie. ' ' 
P.S. of Mr. J. Theotoky : 

All the dispatches have been received, except No. 195.^ I hope that 
the New Year will be happier. 

Theotoky, No. 309. 

No. 80 
Mr. N. Theotoky, Minister of Greece at Berlin, to Z. (Z.) '' at Athens. 

(Kadiotelegram) 
(Station OSM to Station FF) 

Berlin, December 30, 1916/ January 12, 1917. 

I repeat dispatch No, 108 and acknowledge receipt of dispatches 
Nos. 301, 302, 303.3 

"I have seen Mr. Zimmermann and have insisted that the attack 
should begin as soon as possible, telling him that we desire finally 
[to know] clearly whether this offensive will take place. He replied 
that personally he was in favor of this offensive, but that all depended 
on Field Marshal von Hindenburg to whom he had referred the matter. 
If the reply is dilatory, I think that we ought to act according to our 
own interests, without taking into account any other considerations, in 
view of the fact that we have already made sacrifices enough and can- 
not ruin the dynasty and the country for the beautiful eyes [illegible 
words]." 

Theotoky. 

' There follows a remark of a personal nature. 

* See radiotelegram No. 60. 

' See dispatches Nos. 73, 74 and 75. 



91 



No. 81 
Mr. N. TJieotoky, Minister of Greece at Berlin, to Z. (Z.) ^ at Athens. 

(Radiotelegram) 
(Station OSM to Station FF) 

Berlin, December 30, 1916/ January 12, 1917. 

In reply to your dispatch No. 308,^ I have the honor to inform you 
that the Minister of Foreign Affairs to whom I have announced this 
morning the decision taken by the Crown Council, was quite dis- 
appointed. I did not fail to call to his attention that, according to 
my opinion, if the reply of Field Marshal von Hindenburg had been 
more attractive and categorical, very probably the Crown Council 
would have decided for action. 

Are they going to introduce control of the telegraphic service ? 
Personal : 

After the acceptance of the note and the abstaining from action, I 
think that, for some time at least, there will be no negotiations between 
Athens and Berlin, so that I can make use of my leave of absence. 
Please telegraph to me your [?] and that of His Majesty the King. 
In case of an affirmative, please come to an understanding with the 
Minister for Foreign Affairs in order that I may obtain from the 
Entente [illegible words] assurances for a free passage through Italy, 
going and coming, for myself, H. ( ?) and a maid. No. [202.] 

Theotoky. 

No. 82 

The Minister for Foreign Affairs to the Minister Resident 
of Greece at Berne. 

(Telegram) 

Athens, December 31, 1916/Janua/ry 13, 1917. 

Please transmit the following dispatch to our Minister at Berlin, 
begging him to acknowledge receipt of it. 



Zalocostas. 



' See radiotelegram No. 60. 

^ See this dispatch under No. 77. 



92 

'Dispatch of Mr. J. TJieotoJcy, Master of Ceremonies at the Court of 
Queen Sophie, to Mr. N. Theotoky, Minister of Greece at Berlin>. 

Please inform me if Falkenhausen has received two dispatches sent 
by our Station RSP at Prilep. 

His Majesty the King was much pleased with your dispatches under 
Nos. 202 ^ and 203 ^ and told me that you had always seen the situation 
clearly. As for the leave of absence, he approves, in principle, that 
you should make use of it, but he fears the difficulties of the trip and 
particularly the contingency that you may not be permitted to return. 
He will answer definitely after having conferred with the Minister for 
Foreign Affairs. My opinion is, that in order to avoid all these diffi- 
culties and dangers, you should continue to stay there and come in the 
spring if it is then possible. 

Theotoky. 

Dispatch of Her Majesty Queen Sophie for F alkenho/usen. 

Mr. Zimmermann personally was in favor of the offensive, but it 
was only upon agreement with Field Marshal von Hindenburg that 
the decision could be taken. Had the reply of Field Marshal von 
Hindenburg been more favorable and categorical, the Crown Council 
would have decided for the attack. I am heart-broken ! It is too, too 
bad ! They have blundered ! Cerigo has been occupied by the insur- 
gents; other [surprises] will probably follow. Greetings. 

Sophie. 
P.S. of Mr. J. Theotoky for Mr. N. Theotoky : 

As to the control, there is nothing definite as yet. I think that 
they will not extend it to the telegraph service. The dispatch for 
Falkenhausen [contains] the opinions of the Queen. 

Theotoky, No. 311. 

* See this dispatch under No. 81. 
^ This dispatch is missing. 



93 



No. 83 

The Mimster for Foreign Affairs to the Minister Resident 
of Greece at Berne. 

(Telegram) 

Athens, January 1/14, 1917. 

Please transmit the following dispatch to our Minister at Berlin, 
requesting him to acknowledge receipt of it. 

Zalocostas. 
Dispatch of 8. (f) to Mr. N. Theotoky, Minister of Greece at Berlin. 
For Falkenhausen : 

In ease the courier should arrive late at P. ( ?), at latest on Satur- 
day, January 20th, I beg you to wait for him. It is of the utmost 
importance that you should personally speak to the bearer, Fran- 
ghiseos, an officer of the Reserv^es, for the organization of the bands in 
future. 

Our Naval Attache informs us from London: "By successive direct 
notes or through the medium of the United States [illegible words] to 
communicate mutually [their] points of view and thus bring about a 
conference. This will take some time. The British Imperial 
Congress, without the advice of which they would not enter into final 
parleys, will meet at the end of February. People here are pre- 
occupied with the extra-parliamentary agitations of the French Social- 
ist group, which desires [illegible words] peace, as well as Italy." 
Greetings. 

S. (?), No. 312. 

No. 84 

Mr. N. Theotoky, Minister of Greece at Berlin, to His Majesty 
King Constantine, at Athens. 

(Radiotelegram) 
(Station ... to Station . . . ) 

Berlin, January 5/18, 1917. 

Von Hindenburg informs mc, that according to Falkenhausen 's 
information, the Entente, notwithstanding our acceptance of the ulti- 



94 

matum, intends to demand from us the delivery to them of our artil- 
lery and war material. The German General Staff, which regards it 
as extremely important that this demand, if made, should not be com- 
plied with, desires to know if Greece would be ready, in case of 
necessity, to destroy the artillery and the material. In case of an 
affirmative answer, the Imperial Government would bind itself to com- 
pensate us. The General Staff begs You, in case its proposition should 
be accepted by Your Majesty, to give them a detailed statement of the 
artillery and other material which would have to be destroyed and 
later replaced. 

Theotoky, 
P.S. for [S. ( ?) and Mr. J. Theotoky] : 

I have had the honor to receive your dispatches Nos. 311 and 312.^ 
Is the news communicated by Falkenhausen that we have destroyed 
the station RSP exact ? 

I spent New Year's day among our troops. It is indispensable that 
His Majesty the King should reply, in a word or two, to the dispatch 
of the Army Corps. Do your best that this reply may reach me as 
soon as possible. 

Theotoky. 

No. 85 

The Minister for Foreign Affairs to tJie Minister Resident 
of Greece at Berne. 

( Telegram) 

Athens, January 6/19, 1917. 

Please transmit the following telegram in cipher to the Minister of 
the King at Berlin, begging him to acknowledge receipt of it. 

Zalocostas. 

Dispatch of Mr. J. Theotoky, Master of Ceremonies at the Court of 
Queen Sophie, to Mr. N. Theotoky, Minister of Greece at Berlin. 

I have received your dispatch No. 1. Station ESP has been de- 
molished for fear that its dismantling would be demanded by the 
Entente. It has been transported to Trikkala and in case of necessity 
it will be again set up. We can continue to communicate just as up to 
the present. 

' See these dispatches under Nos. 82 and 83. 



95 

Their Majesties thank both of you very sincerely for your wishes. 

The dispatch with congratulations for the Army Corps was sent 
two days ago, through the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, as suggested 
in your dispatch No. 1. His Majesty the King, in all probability, will 
receive under little [illegible words]. Mr, Naoum informs me confi- 
dentially that the attack on the Macedonian front will be made as soon 
as the campaign in Kumania is finished. Do you also know anything 
about it ? Affectionately. 

Theotoky. 
P.S. of S. ( ?) for Falkenhausen : 

The allies could make no use of aeroplanes during these days on 
account of breakage. They are trying to increase the Macedonian 
army to 800,000 men and are sending reinforcements in great haste. 
The new courier will leave on Saturday. 

S. (?),No. 1. 

No. 86 

TJie Minister for Foreign Affairs to the Minister Resident 
of Greece at Berne. 

(Telegram) 

Athens, January 7/20, 1917. 

Please transmit the following dispatch, as soon as possible, to our 
Minister at Berlin. 

Zalocostas. 

Dispatch of Mr. J. Tlieotoky, Master of Ceremonies at the Court of 
Queen Sophie, to Mr. N. Theotoky, Minister of Greece at Berlin. 

Please communicate the following reply to von Hindenburg : 
"His Majesty the King thanks Field Marshal von Hindenburg for 
his proposition, which he accepts.^ The following measures will be 
taken, in order that the material may not fall into the hands of the 
Entente: 1st, The proper storage of the war material. 2nd, Resistance 
of any eventual attempt of the Entente to take possession of the 
material by force. 3rd, Destruction of the material in case of neces- 
sity, in which case the material will be replaced by Germany. 
List of the material concentrated in the Peloponnesus : 

* See radiotelegram No. 84. 



96 

Field artillery, all rapid firing: 153 Schneider guns of 7.5; 29 
Krupp guns of 7.5, two Schneider howitzers of 12. Mountain guns, 
all rapid firing: 85 Schneider guns of 7.5 and 19 Krupp guns of 7.5. 
Machine-guns: 145 Swiss Schwarzlose of 5 (?) m/m and 66 Maxim 
of 7.65 m/m. Eifles: 85,000 Manlicher rifles of 6.5; 50,000 Mauser 
rifles of 7.65. Infantry ammunition : 100 million Manlicher cartridges 
of 6.5; 25 million Mauser cartridges of 7.65; 165,000 shells and ex- 
plosives for Schneider guns of 7.5 for mountain artillery ; 2,500 shells 
and explosives for Krupp guns of 7.5 for mountain artillery." 

Theotoky. , 

We have been informed that the Governor of Smyrna has been 
bribed by the Entente to surrender the city of Smyrna, after a feigned 
riot. 

Number of the present dispatch : 2. 

No. 87 

TJie Minister of Foreign Affairs to the Mimister Resident 
of Greece at Berne. 

(Telegram) 

Athens, January 13/26, 1917. 

Please transmit the following dispatch to the Minister of the King 
at Berlin, acknowledging receipt of it. 

Zalocostas. 

Dispatch of Their Majesties King Constantine and Queen Sophie 
to Mr. N. Theotoky, Minister of Greece at Berlin. 

Please communicate the following dispatch, translated into Ger- 
man, to His Majesty the Emperor: 

' ' We send you from the bottom of our heart our cordial wishes for 
Your birthday. We follow with admiration the great events by land 
and sea. May God soon give you a glorious victory over all Your 
infamous enemies! They have honored us by the landing of forty 
Senegalese soldiers, in order to guard the Legation of France. A 
charming picture of civilization! Affectionate greetings. 

TiNo. Sophie." 

P.S. of Mr. Th. Ypsilanti, 1st Equerry of the King: 

Madame Ypsilanti will soon arrive in Austria. Please let her know 
that we are all well here. Ypsilanti, No. 3. 



97 



No. 88 

The Minister for Foreign Affairs to the Minister Resident 
of Greece at Berne. 
No. 112. 

(Telegram) 

Athens, January 27/Fehruary 9, 1917. 

Please transmit the following telegram to Mr. Theotoky and 
acknowledge receipt of some. 

Zalocostas. 

IDispatch of Mr. J. Theotoky, Master of Ceremonies at the Court of 
Queen Sophie, to Mr. N. Theotoky, Minister of Greece at Berlin. 

Why this prolonged silence? We are always without news from 
you. 

Theotoky. 
Dispatch of Her Majesty Queen Sophie for (Princess M. ( ?)) : 

I hope that your health is good and that the measure of the block- 
ade will have full success. Here everything is as usual. Greetings. 

Sophie. 
P.S. of S. ( ?) for Falkenhausen : 

I am quiet and reassured, having received news indirectly con- 
cerning you, as well as by courier. Greetings. 

S. (?),No. 5. 

Appendix 

No. 89 

Mr. A. Naoum, Minister of Greece at Sofia, to Mr. E. Venizelos, Presi- 
dent of the Council of Ministers, Minister for Foreign Affairs, at 
Athens. 

(Telegram) 

Sofia, September 8/21, 1915. 

I have the honor to inform you that the liberal deputies of the 
Parliamentary majority held a meeting yesterday at the Sobranje. 
The President of the Council explained the political situation, paying 



98 

particular attention to the relations with the neighboring states. The 
Deputies entirely approved the policy of the President of the Council. 

Today the Parliamentary majority, composed of liberal Deputies, 
Young Liberals and Stamboulovists, will hold a meeting under the 
presidency of Mr. Radoslavoff. 

According to the local papers ''Outro" and ''La Poste des 
Balkans," in yesterday's meeting, the President of the Council made 
the following declarations, which, in view of the existing censorship, 
I have every reason to believe exact : 

The President of the Council declared first, that the Bulgaro- 
Turkish agreement had been concluded ; he indicated the new Turkish 
frontiers, as shown in one of my previous dispatches. He added that 
the Bulgarian State thus gained about 3,000 square kilometers of 
territory and that he will proceed to the purchase of the Dedeagatch 
railway line. 

The President of the Council afterwards said that in future Bul- 
garia would follow, like Switzerland, a policy of armed neutrality, 
since the theater of the war was approaching the Bulgarian frontiers. 
He assured me that on the 6th of September the Austro-German 
armies had commenced their attack against Serbia and that the posi- 
tion of Bulgaria was assured both by the Entente and the Alliance. 
If worse came to worst, he added, Bulgaria had nothing to lose, but in 
case of success, Bulgaria would have the non-contested zone and the 
contested zone and would extend its boundaries to the south, the east, 
the north and the west. 

The President of the Council affirmed that the relations with 
Rumania were good, although negotiations had not been entered into 
by the two States, and he added that, the difficulties between Rumania 
and the Central Powers having been settled, Rumania would preserve 
her neutrality without interesting herself in the Austro-German attack 
upon Serbia. 

He afterwards said that Greece would follow a policy of neutrality, 
that she had made declarations to this effect to Austria and Germany 
and that she would take no interest in the Austro-German attack upon 
Serbia. If Greece attacked Bulgaria, the Bulgarian Government 
would take its measures in order to emerge successfully from a Greco- 
Bulgarian war. I call your attention to these last statements, pub- 
lished in the morning papers notwithstanding the censorship ; they 
have not been denied by the official papers of this evening. 



99 

As to Serbia, the President of the Council observed that she would 
only cede the territories up to the Vardar at the end of the war and 
that the Serbian Government had given them to understand that it 
would prefer to enter into a war with Bulgaria rather than to lose 
her common frontier with Greece. 



Naoum. 



No. 90 



Mr. N. Theotoky, Minister of Greece at Berlin, to Mr. J. Gryparis, 
Minister of Greece at Vienna. 

(Telegram — Translation) 

Berlin, January 8/21, 1916. 

Official circles here are very w^ell satisfied with the attitude of Bul- 
garia toward us, the Emperor of Germany having brought away from 
an interview with the King of Bulgaria the certainty that both the 
King of Bulgaria and the Bulgarian Government are animated by 
really sincere intentions as to the regulation of the relations between 
Greece and Bulgaria. 

Theotoky. 

No. 91 

Mr. N. Theotoky, Minister of Greece at Berlin, to Mr. S. Skouloudis, 
President of the Council of Ministers, Minister for Foreign Affairs 
at Athens.'^ 

(Telegram) 

Berlin, March 21/ April 3, 1916. 

I have the honor to inform you that exact information as to the 
attitude of the King of Bulgaria, on the occasion of his visit to German 
Army Headquarters, as well as at Vienna, do not in the least cor- 
respond with the information furnished by the Hellenic Legation at 
Vienna, in regard to the claims formulated by the King of Bulgaria 
on Albania, Greek Macedonia and Dobrudja. 

In regard to Albania, the King of Bulgaria has put forth claims 

' This telegram was communicated by Mr. Skouloudis to the Royal Legations 
at Vienna and Sofia. 



100 

to the Albanian towns ceded to Serbia by the Conference of London, 
but he has not put forth any claims to the Albanian cities of the 
Adriatic. In regard to the allotment of Greek territories, no such 
demand has ever been made and, for reasons of general policy, it 
would never have been accepted by the Central Powers, in view of 
the fact that, as the Royal Government knows by my telegraphic cor- 
respondence of the years 1914 and 1915, the Central Empires have 
always made it a principle to declare to Bulgaria, even before she 
became their ally, that they would never consent to discuss the possi- 
bility of compensations made at the expense of Greece. This principle, 
immutable since the beginning of the European war, prevailed even at 
the moment when the alliance was concluded between the said Empires 
and Bulgaria, and the latter admits this. To say that Bulgaria is at 
present formulating claims at the expense of Greece would be to fail 
to understand a political situation existing for nearly two years. It 
was the Triple Entente that spoke to the Bulgarians, before the break 
came, of compensations at the expense of Greece. The same principle 
prevailed with regard to Rumania. 

It is, however, correct that there has been, during these last weeks, 
some friction between Bulgaria and Austria, but this arose from dis- 
cussion of the respective military occupation of the Serbian and the 
Serbo-Macedonian territories. 

In regard to the appointment of the future King of Albania, 
Austria has no thought either of Prince Cyril of Bulgaria or of 
Prince Wied. 

Theotoky. 

No. 92 

Mr. J. Gryparis, Minister of Greece in Vienna, to Mr. S. Skouloudis, 
President of tJie Council of Ministers, Minister for Foreign Affairs 
at Athens. 

( Telegram — Translation ) 

Vienna, Marcli 29/ April 11, 1916. 

I have had the honor of receiving your telegraphic dispatch, in 
which you communicated to me a telegram of our Legation at Berlin ^ 
which, on the basis, so it says, of positive information, affirms that the 

' See this telegram under No. 91. 



101 

news transmitted by the Vienna Legation, as to tlie claims formulated 
by the King of Bulgaria during his stay at Vienna, is baseless. 

I have considered and consider the news transmitted to the Min- 
istry in my telegraphic dispatches, and particularly in those of the 
23rd and 24th of February and of the 4th of March of the current 
year as all the better founded, inasmuch as I received them from 
impartial persons, connected with Government and Court circles, and 
enjoying the confidence of both, and furthermore, because they con- 
firmed the information of Mr. Naoum, contained in his telegram trans- 
mitted to the Legation in the telegram of the Ministry under date of 
November 6, 1915. 

Mr. Naoum there says, in regard to Bulgarian aims as to Hellenic 
territories, that "the Bulgarians, taking advantage of the services 
rendered to the Central Empires, have in view the realization, along 
the whole line, of their national aspirations, through the acquisition 
of the territories of their neighbors to which they lay claim, and that 
it is more than probable that the friendly declarations of Bulgaria in 
regard to Greece will give place, on the first occasion, as soon as all 
danger on the part of Greece has disappeared, to hostile dispositions." 

My information, is, besides, corroborated by that of our Legation 
at Petrograd, transmitted to me in your telegram of January 5, and 
also by the incidents which, notwithstanding the promises repeatedly 
given by the Bulgarians, keep occurring again and again. 

But, although I consider my information exact, I do not contest 
the right of the Berlin Legation to charge them with being inexact, 
since they do not agree with its own. 

But the Berlin Legation goes further yet; it considers it impos- 
sible that Bulgaria could have laid claim to Hellenic territories, be- 
cause she had accepted the declarations of the Central Empires, ac- 
cording to which the latter would never consent to compensations at 
the expense of Greece, and thinks, furthermore, that to say that Bul- 
garia puts forth such claims "would be to fail to understand a political 
situation which has existed for nearly two years," 

Though I respect the opinions of others, I think it my duty to close 
the discussion with the declaration that I maintain my opinions un- 
changeable, as expressed in many telegrams, and particularly in that 
of the 21st of March of the current year. 

Gryparis. 



102 



No. 93 

Mr. J. Gryparis, Minister of Greece in Vienna, to Mr. A. Carapan&s,- 
Mirdster of Foreign Affairs at AtJien^. 

( Telegram — Translation ) 

Athens, September 11/24, 1916. 

Concerning the information transmitted with reservations in my 
telegraphic dispatch of September 9, I have the honor to bring to the 
knowledge of Your Excellency that the opinions which, in consequence 
of long experience, I have formed about the Bulgarians, have been 
given in various telegrams, particularly in those of December 7 and 
8, 1915, and March 4, 21 and 29 of the current year, the latter being 
a reply to one of the Ministry, in which a telegram of the Berlin 
Legation was transmitted to me. 

I beg Your Excellency to take cognizance of these. 

Gryparis. 

No. 94 

Mr. L. Coromilas, Minhter of Greece at Rome, to His Majesty 
King Constantine at AtJiens. 

(Telegram) 

KoME, November 25/Becember 8, 1916. 

I returned to Rome just at the time when the terrible events of the 
18th of November were taking place at Athens. In reading the frank 
dispatches of the Government, which give assurance that it wishes to 
maintain the best of relations with the Powers of the Entente, I see 
that it fails to appreciate the frightful gravity of the situation, and to 
realize the final catastrophe toward which official Greece is bound. 
The ambiguous and uncertain policy, which Your Governments have 
followed for more than a year, has led us to turn our arms against our 
natural friends, that is, against the Powers of the Entente, to whom 
we have so many times given assurances of our benevolent friendship, 
while — and this is an unheard-of thing, — this same policy induced us 
not to resist the Bulgarians, our hereditary enemies, when they camo 
to take our forts, our cities in Macedonia, the half of our war material 



103 

and so many of our soldiers ! Now that blood has been shed, France 
and England, to whom we owe our restoration, and who have so often 
aided us, have become the implacable enemies of Your Majesty and 
of that part of Greece which has remained under Your laws. They 
will demand guarantees and reparation, and the punishment will fall 
first upon the people, who through the blockade already established, 
will pay, in starvation and misery, for the errors of these last days. 

I do not wish to revert to that which I have several times brought 
to the attention of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and of which Your 
Majesty is fully aware. Our geographical position and our national 
interests demand that we be the frank and sincere friends of the 
Entente, in spite of the risks that this may involve. But Your Gov- 
ernments have dreamed that it was possible to remain undecided up 
to the very end, to wait for events to guide us, fearing all initiative, 
and hypnotized by the dream of an unrealizable neutrality. We have 
thus been insincere toward all and toward ourselves, accused of 
treachery by one and the other of the two belligerents ; we have been 
led finally to treat as enemies the Powers of the Entente, who believed 
in our sympathy and who have all the means to impose their will 
upon us bj^ force. 

To crown the horror, Greece in the midst of the misfortunes which 
have thus overwhelmed her, is divided into two camps which have a 
deadly grudge against each other; hate is in their hearts and civil war 
is in their souls and in their actions; we kill and assassinate each 
other, while the Bulgarians are settled on our soil and oppress our 
brothers. The country is in the greatest distress, it is in a state of 
anarchy ; criminal and atrocious acts have been committed at Athens 
against the civil population, and the agents of public order have done 
nothing to stop them. 

One part of Greece has repudiated the other, and has torn itself 
violently away from her ; it has broken aAvay from the Government of 
Athens to go to Salonika in order to defend our soil which we have 
abandoned to our enemies. I know well that, in spite of this, they 
tell You, Sire, that the majority of the people is with You; but You 
should not be the King of the majority, Sire; You should be the King 
of all the Greeks, without exception, not only of those who live in the 
Kingdom, but also of those who live in other lands, and those who 
speak thus to You, in order to console You, depreciate Your Majesty 
and even weaken Your throne, which they pretend to support, for 



104 

majorities melt away, when adversity comes, and the throne cannot 
be merely a political party. 

Never, Sire, has the country been in such a dreadful condition. It 
is inconceivable that pity should not grip all hearts and make them 
feel that the fatherland is perishing and that nothing but the union 
of all her citizens can save her. 

I do not wish to revert to what has already happened and to 
apportion the responsibility for the errors for which each of the two 
parties blames the other. "We must forget the past ; yes. Sire, we must 
forget it, in order to pass to what is more urgent; we must bring 
about this union and find salvation. This cannot be done without con- 
cessions and sacrifices made in order to realize this union; it is he 
who has the greatest power, it is You, Sire, alone, who can perform 
the great act of redemption, bring back calm and peace and restore to 
Greece the strength which has left her. 

Listen to the voice of a man who is far removed from all preju- 
dice, passion, and hate, and who trembles only for the fate of his 
country, I appeal to Your patriotic feeling, and to that love that You 
feel for our Country, 

Whatever the issue of this great conflict may be — and even Your 
Majesty feels that it will be indecisive — Greece must remain the frank 
and sincere friend of the Powers of the Entente, and must be the 
enemy of Bulgaria, Mr, Venizelos and his colleagues at Salonika have 
seen this truth. Do not refuse. Sire, to see it Yourself. And since 
You are King, not of the majority of the people, but of all the Greeks, 
forget the past, forget any grievances that You may have, and ask 
for the assistance of Mr. Venizelos and his friends; I have the firm 
hope that they will give it to You freely. Have a strong Government, 
capable of assuming responsibilities, and capable of relieving You of 
their burden. Perform this act. Sire; You who have brought glory 
upon our national arms, save the soul of Greece from the passions 
which are rending her ; save our nation, and our race. Greece, united 
by You, will be able, no matter what unforeseen blows the war has in 
store for us, to resist the storm and to avoid the disasters that await 
her. If You do not do this at once, the future of our Country and 
of Hellenism will be lamentable and dreadful. 

I beg Your Majesty to excuse the frankness of my language. The 
affection that I bear for You, compels me to speak to You thus, for 
my heart bleeds when I think what You were and of what is going 



105 

to come. It is my duty to speak to You plainly and with no reticence ; 
it is my duty to tell Your Majesty that the policy which has so fate- 
fully brought us to the position, in which, alas ! we find ourselves, is 
a deadly policy, and one of which I fundamentally disapprove. The 
advice that I venture to give You, and Your Royal act, bringing to 
pass the union of all, are all that can now save what remains. 

COROMILAS. 




0% 



THE AMERICAN-HELLENIC SOCIETY IM OI^POIJ \TCD 

President 
Ki.:hoias Murray Butler, Ph.D., I ^ ' \ 

yice-PrfisicZeiits 
CLra-los W. Eliot, Ph.D., LL.D 
•Jacob G. Schurman, D.Sc. I.T, J • 
Elihu Root^ LL.D., D.G.L, 



Chairman Executive Committee 
Fieilerick Cunliffc-Owen 

Treasurer 

r.. J, Calvocoreasi 



iiecretary 
Carroll N. Brown, Ph.D. 



.Kimes M. Beck 
Carroll N, Brown 
Nicholas Murray ButJpr 
L. J. CalvocoresBi 
Frederick R, Coudert 
T' . ,i ; ■ ■■ c i>-iTo-Owen 



DiEECTOES 

Theodore P. Ion 
Thomas W, Lamoitit 
Charles R. MMlor 
W. Fellowea Morgan 
Heury Morgonthau 
E. H. Outerbridge 
Alton B. Parker 
Ti],^n, ,1 ,-(1 T> Vovrv 



Pctros Tatanis 
Henry W. Saoi;:ti; 
Jacob G. Schunu-an 
Oscar S. Straus 
Constantino Voicly 
George M. Whichor 



-.Ml 



Uoiorgo U. 
William A. 



Regulak Mjembees 

Edward W. Forbes 
Ansten G. Fox 
L'. A. S. Franklin 
A. S. Frisaell 
Albert E. Gallatin 
James W. Gerard 
Ihos. Dwight Qoodell 
I" !'i.i P. Grant 

i-io3 B. Gulick 
>, .lii.ita D. Guthrie 
lohu Henry Hammond 
William F. Harris 
I'loorpo Harvey 
Itort HodCT'! Hill 



ice W. Kosminski 
niiii B. Lawrence 



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George Foster Peabi:iil'r 
Francis K. Pendleton 
David H. G. Penny 
Mrs. R. B. Perry 
A. E. Phoutridea 
C. R. Post 
Wm. Kelly Prentice 
Walter W. Price 
Fleming H. Revell 
James S. Roberta 
John D. Rockefeller, Jr, 
George Roussos 
Herbert L, Satter!'?(! 
Mortimer Sehiff 
Walter Scott 
Alex. Sedgwick 
Mi ran Sevasly 
Finley J. Shepari 
Charles H. Sherril' 
John A. Sleicher 
Kendall K. Smith 
R. A. C. Smith 
Herbert W. Smyth 

V ; Stewart 



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